Wilawan Senaratana

Nursing values in China: The expectations of registered nurses

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the essential professional values of Chinese nurses and their manifestations in the current health-care environment. Data were collected from 29 nurse experts by semi-structured individual interviews or focus groups in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Seven themes were identified: altruism, caring, trustworthiness, dignity, responsibility for the development of the profession, autonomy, and justice. On the whole, these values were in accordance with the codes of the International Council of Nurses and the Chinese Nursing Association. Additionally, culture and socioeconomic trends were found to have an influence on nurses understanding and explanation of professional values. The findings of this study provided insight into Chinese nurses professional values and might contribute to the future development of a culturally sensitive scale to measure nursing values in China.

Development of a theory-based sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention program for Chinese early adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an “edutainment” style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an edutainment style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.

Known to Be Positive But Not in Care: A Pilot Study From Thailand

This study was designed to describe persons with HIV/ AIDS (PWHAs) in Thailand who have not disclosed their HIV status to the government HIV clinics to receive medical care. Objectives were to (1) demonstrate a way to access these persons, and (2) describe their characteristics, HIV status, reasons for nondisclosure, and problems related to their self-care. Two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) serving the nonmedical needs of PWHAs were used. In all, 22 PWHAs participated. Approximately 80% have known their HIV status for more than 1 year and 30% for more than 5 years. Almost 60% currently used recreational drugs. Reasons for not disclosing their HIV status included that they were still healthy (81.8%) and worried about stigma (77.3%). Two thirds will disclose when a serious problem occurs. This study demonstrates that this population can be accessed and studied through NGOs and that this population differs slightly from PWHAs in Thailand studied at initiation of medical care.

HIV Positive But Not in Care A Follow-Up Study from Thailand

Twenty-two persons in Northern Thailand who knew of their HIV positivity but were not in care were identified. They had significant medical, economic, behavioral, and family problems. A nurse researcher carried out a 6-month intervention with them to (1) assess whether they would remain in contact with the researcher for 6 months and (2) assess whether they would make positive changes in their lives. All 22 participants remained in contact for 6 months. A 5-step intervention process resulted in substantial improvements in their lives. Eleven patients entered care. Five needed immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and improved their CD4 counts. Six others established primary care relationships for non-HIV care. Twelve obtained legal, full-, or part-time employment. Eight disclosed to family members. Nine participants and/or family members entered counseling. Twelve persons publicly disclosed themselves. Twelve reported reducing or stopping substance abuse. Of 4 sex workers, 2 ceased engaging in that work.

A nursing intervention to enhance the self-care capacity of nondisclosed persons living with HIV in Thailand

&NA; Significant numbers of nondisclosed persons living with HIV (NPLWH) who are aware of their status do not enter care and must rely on their own abilities to maintain their health. This study shows how these individuals can be reached through nongovernmental organizations and assisted to improve their self‐care capacity through an intensive nursing intervention. NPLWH in Chiang Mai, Thailand, were assessed using a 31‐item self‐care capacity questionnaire (range = 0–62) at baseline and monthly for 6 months. The nursing intervention used reflective questioning to assist PLWH to find ways to improve their self‐care capacity. At baseline, the mean self‐care capacity score was 31.4. After 3 months of intervention, the score increased to 54 and was maintained at this level for the next 3 months. This study demonstrates that nurses can reach out to NPLWH who are not in care and help to improve self‐care capacity.

Research Article: Development of a theory‐based sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention program for Chinese early adolescents

The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an “edutainment” style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an edutainment style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.

Research Article: Development of a theory-based sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention program for Chinese early adolescents: Sexual and reproductive health, and HIV

The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an “edutainment” style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information–Motivation–Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based program for Chinese early adolescents in order to promote their sexual and reproductive health and to prevent HIV infection. The program was designed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model and a needs assessment among the stakeholders. A technical collaborative action research approach was applied. The studys participants were 102 early adolescents in a public middle school in mainland China, with the involvement of other key stakeholders, including 15 teachers and 12 parents. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the scores of sexual and reproductive health promotion and HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills after the programs implementation. Meanwhile, qualitative data from the early adolescents reflection indicated that the content was useful and comprehensive, the trainers were friendly and knowledgeable, and participatory learning with an edutainment style was especially impressive. Additionally, the early adolescents expressed that they could apply the knowledge and skills in their daily life, which would benefit themselves and their family and peers. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model could be explored in a non-Western context and the program was shown to be acceptable for use in a Chinese middle school setting.