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Bulletin of The Biological Society of Washington | 2008

Supraneural and pterygiophore insertion patterns in carangid fishes, with description of a new Eocene carangid tribe, †Paratrachinotini, and a survey of anterior anal-fin pterygiophore insertion patterns in Acanthomorpha

Victor G. Springer; William F. Smith-Vaniz

ABSTRACT The complete supraneural and dorsal and anal pterygiophore insertion patterns of over 900 specimens representing all 145 extant taxa of the Carangidae are reported, as well as those of several specimens comprising seven taxa among the other four carangoid families: Rachycentridae, Coryphaenidae, Echeneidae, Nematistiidae. The patterns of the carangids were variously partitioned and the resulting groups analyzed for the sequential arrangement of supraneurals and dorsal and anal pterygiophores and for total numbers of pterygiophores. Both procedures generate characters bearing on the intrarelationships and differentiation of the various taxa. The composition of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore in carangoids and other perciform fishes is discussed briefly. Depending on the taxon, there is evidence that supports findings that this element originates from one or two separate cartilages. Evidence is presented that the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore of the carangid Parastromateus niger variously comprises one simple pterygiophore or a fusion of two pterygiophores. We elected to treat either condition as a single pterygiophore. A preliminary survey of the number of pterygiophores inserting anterior to the first hemal spine and those in the first interhemal spine space of acanthomorphs is provided. In addition to the five carangoid families, the survey includes data on selected taxa in 176 families. The carangine, Parastromateus, has 9 to 11 (modally 9) pterygiophores inserting in the first interhemal spine space (a post-flexion larva exceptionally has only 7), which is more than any other extant taxon studied. A great majority of acanthomorphs have 0, 1, or 2 pterygiophores inserting in that space; a relatively few have as many as 5 or 6, and only one or two have 7 or 8. The appropriate tribal position of the Eocene fossil carangid, †Paratrachinotus tenuiceps (Agassiz), which has been assigned only to the family Trachinotidae (= tribe Trachinotini in present classifications), was examined. Based on supra-neural and pterygiophore insertion characters, but supported by other osteological characters, it was possible to exclude the fossil from any of the four extant carangid tribes. A new tribe, †Paratrachinotini, to accommodate the fossil, is described. Although additional, non-pterygiophore characters and a broadly based cladistic analysis are required to imply the closest relationship of the †Paratrachinotini, there are suggestions that it is closely related to the Carangini.


Copeia | 1971

Another New Species of the Clingfish Genus Derilissus from the Western Atlantic (Pisces: Gobiesocidae)

William F. Smith-Vaniz

new genus and species of clingfish, Derilissus nanus, from the Bahama Islands. Subsequently, Fraser (1970) described two additional new species of Derilissus and utilized several generic characters neglected in previous clingfish descriptions. Briggs placed his new genus in the subfamily Gobiesocinae, an action of particular significance because Derilissus differs from all other genera included in this new world subfamily in having attached gill membranes. This, together with the discovery of another new genus from the western Atlantic, which clearly is unrelated to any genus currently included in the Gobiesocinae, has caused B6hlke and Robins (1970) to question the subfamilial classification within the family. A fourth new species of Derilissus, known from a single specimen, is described herein in order that its description may contribute toward a better understanding of the origin and affinities of this group of little known fishes. Terminology and methods follow those described by Briggs (1955), except for the caudal ray count. In many groups of fishes, including the closely related Callionymidae, the arrangement of the caudal rays may indicate generic relationships. In the following description the caudal rays are reported as a four-part formula, for example 2 + 76 + 1, indicates that there are 13 principal caudal rays (seven associated with the ventral hypural and six with the dorsal hypural) and three procurrent rays (two associated with the ventral hypural and one with the dorsal hypural). Principal caudal rays are defined as rays attached or articulating with the hypurals. Measurements are all straight-line measurements between points made with dial calipers. (Caudal-peduncle lengths used by Fraser apparently are projection measures rather than point to point measures.) All


Copeia | 1972

A New Tribe (Phenablenniini) and Genus (Phenablennius) of Blenniid Fishes Based on Petroscirtes heyligeri Bleeker

Victor G. Springer; William F. Smith-Vaniz

MITCHELL, T. L. 1838. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia. 1st ed. Vol. 1: 33, 2nd. ed. 1839 95 pp., T. & W. Boone, London. (Reprint of 2nd. ed. 1965 Libraries Board of South Austral., Adelaide.) MORRISSY, N. M. 1970. Murray Cod, Maccullochella macquariensis in Western Australia. West Australian Natur. 11:130-135. MUNRO, I. S. 1938. Handbook of Australian fishes. No. 38. Fish. Newslet. 20:153-156.


Copeia | 1972

Two new species of Caribbean deep-dwelling jawfishes (Opistognathus, Opistognathidae)

William F. Smith-Vaniz

Measurements are all straight-line measurements between points made with dial calipers. All measurements involving snout tip originate at the mid-dorsal point of upper lip. Caudal and procurrent rays are reported as a two-part formula, the first figure refers to rays associated with the dorsal hypural and the second figure refers to rays associated with the ventral hypural. The number of lateral scale rows reported are only approximations because of their irregularity and frequent absence. The first lateral scale row counted is the one just touching or just posterior to the upper posterior end of the opercular flap. The last two rays in the dorsal and anal fins have their bases closely approximated, share a common pterygiophore, and were counted as one ray. Institutional abbreviations used in this paper are: ANSP-Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; UMML-University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; and USNM-U. S. National Mu-


Copeia | 1977

Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan

William F. Smith-Vaniz; Hajime Masuda


Copeia | 1970

Freshwater Fishes of Alabama

Carter R. Gilbert; William F. Smith-Vaniz


Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology | 1972

Mimetic relationships involving fishes of the family Blenniidae

Victor G. Springer; William F. Smith-Vaniz


Proceedings of the United States National Museum | 1968

Systematics and Distribution of the Monotypic lndo-Pacific Blenniid Fish Genus Atrosalarias

Victor G. Springer; William F. Smith-Vaniz


Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology | 1971

Synopsis of the tribe Salariini, with description of five new genera and three new species (Pisces: Blenniidae)

William F. Smith-Vaniz; Victor G. Springer


Copeia | 1974

A review of the jawfish genus Stalix (Opistognathidae)

William F. Smith-Vaniz

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Carter R. Gilbert

Florida Museum of Natural History

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