William G. Yendol

Pathology of an Entomophthora infection in the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)

Abstract In laboratory pathogenicity tests with the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Entomophthora coronata Kevorkian produced a mortality of 97 percent 84 hours after inoculation. Entomophthora virulenta Hall and Dunn was found to be nonpathogenic under similar conditions. In a virulence test against termites, two isolates of E. coronata showed no significant difference. Histological examination indicated that germ tube penetration of the integument resulted before death of the termite and apparently was not restricted to a particular site. In the digestive tract, germinating conidia of E. coronata were found penetrating the oesophageal wall but not the crop, midgut and hindgut. Invading hyphae first attacked the fat body and musculature and then rapidly destroyed the remaining tissue as early as 32 hours after inoculation.

Deposition of Aerially Applied BT in an Oak Forest and Its Prediction with the FSCBG Model

Abstract Data are provided from 17 single-swath aerial spray trials that were conducted over a fully leafed, 16-m tall, mixed oak forest. The distribution of cross-swath spray deposits was sampled at the top of the canopy and below the canopy. Micrometeorological conditions were measured above and within the canopy during the spray trials. The USDA Forest Service FSCBG (Forest Service-Cramer-Barry-Grim) model was run to predict the target sampler catch for each trial using forest stand, airplane-application-equipment configuration, and micrometeorological conditions as inputs. Observations showed an average cross-swath deposition of 100 IU cm−2 with large run-to-run variability in deposition patterns, magnitudes, and drift. Eleven percent of the spray material that reached the top of the canopy penetrated through the tree canopy to the forest floor. The FSCBG predictions of the ensemble-averaged deposition were within 17% of the measured deposition at the canopy top and within 8% on the ground beneath the...