William J. Kinnard

The effects of certain psychotropic agents on the conditioned emotional response behavior pattern of the albino rat

SummaryThe conditioned emotional response (CER) testing procedure was utilized as a drug screening test. Two control compounds, chlorpromazine and reserpine, and one experimental compound 5-(O-methoxyphenoxy-methyl)-2-oxazolidinone, were tested in various doses in the CER program. None of the drugs produced an attenuation of the “anxiety” response in the rat. It would appear that the CER program, as presented in this study, is not suitable as a screening procedure for the evaluation of potential ataractic agents.

Effects of Nylidrin, Isoproterenol and Phenoxybenzamine on Dogs Subjected to Hemorrhagic Shock

The effects of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulants (nylidrin and isoproterenol) on the hemorrhagic shock state of anesthetized dogs were measured and compared to those of phenoxybenzamine to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of the combined cardiac stimulatory and peripheral vasodilatory actions of the former drugs. Anesthetized dogs were subjected to 3 hours of hypovolemia followed by the return of the shed blood. Nylidrin, isoproterenol (continuous infusion), and phenoxybenzamine were administered 1 hour after bleeding the animals and heart rate, arterial blood pressure, venous hematocrit, coronary blood flow, cardiac output, ventricular contractility, and survival rates were measured. Nylidrin and isoproterenol afforded significant protection against shock deaths, whereas phenoxybenzamine did not increase survival over control values. Mild to moderate intestinal hemorrhage and distention were noted in the isoproterenol- and phenoxybenzamine-treated animals, but not in the nylidrin-treated animals. Phenoxybenzamine gradually decreased the arterial blood pressure and additional quantities of blood had to be infused to maintain cardiac output and blood pressure. Ventricular contractile force progressively decreased in the phenoxybenzamine-treated animals, whereas isoproterenol and nylidrin enhanced the force of ventricular contractions. In the presence of existing hypotension, isoproterenol and nylidrin maintained cardiac output. These agents deserve further consideration as potentially useful therapeutic agents in the management of shock states.

The Effects of Isosorbide Dinitrate On Coronary Vascular Resistance

coronary artery was proximally ligated and the distal segment immediately cannulated with a bent glass arterial cannula and perfused with the blood flowing through the rotameter from the left carotid artery. Femoral arterial pressure was obtained via a Statham transducer, and coronary flow and arterial pressure were recorded on a Grass polygraph. Isosorbide dinitrate,e when administered intravenously, was dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) (6 mg per ml) and diluted with an equal part of warm distilled water prior to use. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

The Coronary Vasodilatory Effects of 2-Aminoethyl- Nitrate p-Toluenesulfonate

Bovet and Bovet’ reported that 2-aminoethylnitrate administered intravenously in doses of 0.01 mg to 0.1 mg per kg produced hypotensive effects in anesthetized dogs. They also found that the hypotensive effects of 2-aminoethylnitrate and glyceryl trinitrate were approximately equivalent; however, the effects of 2-aminoethylnitrate were more prolonged. The data presented by these investigators suggested that 2-aminoethylnitrate dilated the arterial vessels through a direct action on vascular smooth musculature since the compounds did not alter the autonomic activity and the cardiovascular response to epinephrine and acetylcholine. Organic nitrites and nitrates capable of lowering blood pressure through general vasodilatation have been reported to increase coronary blood flow by decreasing the resistance of the coronary bed through direct vasodilatation.2. The purpose of this study was