William L. Curlette

Stress Coping A Qualitative and Quantitative Synthesis with Implications for Treatment

This article presents a two-pronged attempt to synthesize the research on stress coping: (1) a review of models and taxonomies of behaviors and resources related to stress coping and (2) a meta-analysis of recent experimental and quasi- experimental studies of stress coping. The review led to the construction of a taxonomy and, in conjunction with the meta-analysis, to a comprehensive model of stress coping in two parts (stress and coping). In the meta-analysis an unbiased effect size of .57 was obtained by comparing groups administered treatments to reduce stress with comparison groups. Social skills training, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and relaxation training appeared to be among the more effective treatments. In comparing the frequency of treatments identified in the meta-analysis with those in the taxonomy, some treatment domains (such as problem solving) were well represented in the taxonomy but appeared infrequently in the meta-analysis. Implications for stress-coping treatment and research are offered.

Coping Resources, Perceived Stress, and Life Satisfaction Among Turkish and American University Students

This study investigated coping resources (Coping Resources Inventory for Stress), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale) among American and Turkish university students. Results support the use of transactional stress constructs in studying life satisfaction with students in both countries. American and Turkish students did not differ significantly in regard to perceived stress, life satisfaction, or an overall measure of coping resources; however, they did differ significantly regarding specific coping resources. Variables entering regression models for predicting life satisfaction differed for students in the two countries and for the sexes within countries, and these models accounted for between 30% and 62% of variance. Social support and a sense of financial freedom were particularly useful in predicting life satisfaction. Coping resources accounted for 54% of variance in perceived stress. There were significant sex differences for both countries, generally favoring males, in regard to specific coping resources.

Identifying Personality Traits Associated with Attrition in Systematic Training for Effective Parenting Groups.

Research has supported the use of the Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) program when working with families; how-ever, minimal attention has been given to the attrition issue. Given that STEP has been shown to be effective, there is a definite need to identify characteristics of those individuals who are likely to terminate prematurely. A study was conducted comprising 221 subjects to investigate the predictive power of the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success-Adult Form (BASIS-A) in relation to attrition in parenting groups. Results from the study indicated the attrition rate to be higher with individuals who had elevated scores on the Entitlement scale on the BASIS-A than individuals who do not have elevated scores.

Effects of Instruction on Teachers' Global Mindedness and Patriotism

Abstract In 1981, NCSS adopted a resolution supporting the teaching of global education. In this study, pre and posttreatment standardized attitude scales were administered to graduate education students taking a course about global education, and to a suitable control group. Students who took the global education course became more favorable toward global mindedness and world order. They became less favorable toward the nationcentric perspective. The experimental groups attitude toward patriotism was unaffected.

The Four Crucial Cs in Critical Friends Groups

Critical Friends Groups (CFGs) are examined through the lens of Bettner and Lew’s (1989) Crucial Cs: connect to feel belonging, capable to contribute, count to feel significance, and courage to meet the previous Cs in a positive and socially useful way. Critical Friends Groups are groups of approximately 10 teachers and other educational professionals who meet at least once a month to discuss professional issues. The group members use a structured approach, called protocols, to interact with one another, and protocols address both interpersonal and pedagogical topics. This article examines CFG processes and essential dispositions using the Crucial Cs. Insights from the Crucial Cs may help improve understanding of CFG functioning and outcomes. By demonstrating their application to the setting of teacher professional education, we present further multidisciplinary usefulness of the Crucial Cs.

The meta-analysis effect size calculator: a basic program for reconstructing unbiased effect sizes

The Meta-Analysis Effect Size Calculator provides the user with many different ways to calculate an effect size depending on the information available in the original research report. In addition, the program computes an unbiased estimate of effect size.

Contributions to the Therapeutic Process and Research in Individual Psychology

• Croake discusses a statement Adler often spoke but only, as far as can be determined, appeared once in writing until now. • Paige, DeVore, Chang, and Whisenhunt address the extent to which trauma competencies and training exist in the principles and practices of Individual Psychology. • Alizadeh, Ferguson, Murphy, and Soheili develop a new instrument for assessing social interest. • Ergüner-Tekinalp investigates E5 group counseling using a quasiexperimental design and finds a statistical significant difference on an important outcome variable. • Leal and Massimi present historical research that shows Individual Psychology’s influence on child-care clinics in Brazil during the 1930s.

In Support of Empirical Research in Individual Psychology

Before we discuss the contents of the current issue, we would like to call attention to the new system we have implemented for submitting, reviewing, and managing manuscripts for The Journal of Individual Psychology. The new online system is called Scholastica, and it will allow authors to track the progress of their manuscripts. We have also considered our reviewers in this upgrade, as the review process will also be easier and more streamlined. To upload a manuscript, visit https://submissions.scholasticahq .com/sites/journal-of-individual-psychology. If the Editorial Office receives manuscripts not submitted via Scholastica, we will notify the authors of the correct procedure. If you are unable to access the system, please email the Editorial Office at jip@gsu.edu.

Advocating for the Use of Social Network Analysis in Individual Psychology

In this article, the authors advocate for the use of current social network analysis methodology to contribute to research on the theory and practice of Individual Psychology. This can occur by focusing on the measures of the relationships within the groups themselves or by relating relationships between members of groups to characteristics of individuals in the group. To accomplish this, some of the applicable measures of social networks are centrality, transitivity, clustering, and diameter. Several examples are presented in which social network analysis can be applied in Individual Psychology, including a possible construct validity study for existing measures of dimensions within Gemeinschaftsgefühl.

DEMONSTRATION OF RESPONSE STRATEGIES IN A CONFIDENCE-TESTING PROCEDURE

A response strategy is a rule an examinee may use to increase his expected score on a test beyond the score the examinee would expect to receive based on his knowledge of the material tested. For a confidence-testing procedure proposed by Diamond, it is shown that a response strategy exists. Next, it is mathematically proved that all weights in the scoring procedure for Diamonds confidence testing method permit a response strategy. Due to the response strategy, it is concluded that this confidence-testing procedure is not an improvement over the usual way of administering and scoring multiple-choice tests.