William R. Swinyard

Segmenting Internet shoppers based on their Web-usage-related lifestyle: a cross-cultural validation

Online surveys in the US and Belgium were conducted to cross-culturally validate the Internet shopper lifestyle scale (Smith and Swinyard, 2001). Special attention was devoted to sample, construct and measurement equivalence. In both countries, the same six basic dimensions were found to underlie the scale: Internet convenience, perceived self-inefficacy, Internet logistics, Internet distrust, Internet offer, and Internet window-shopping. Except from having the same basic meaning and structure in Belgium as in the US, the Web-usage-related-lifestyle scale also led to the same segments in both countries. Four online shopping segments (Tentative Shoppers, Suspicious Learners, Shopping Lovers and Business Users) and four online nonshopping segments (Fearful Browsers, Positive Technology Muddlers, Negative Technology Muddlers and Adventurous Browsers) are profiled with regard to their Web-usage-related lifestyle, themes of Internet Usage, Internet attitude, psychographic and demographic characteristics.

E‐shopping lovers and fearful conservatives: a market segmentation analysis

Purpose – To classify internet users into holiday shopper and non‐shopper segments, and to profile the demographic, psychographic, and computer use characteristics of each segment.Design/methodology/approach – Self‐report data come from a national US sample of online internet users. Segments are customer revealed using traditional cluster analysis. Lifestyle measures are reduced to higher order measures using factor analysis. Profiles are analyzed via descriptive statistics, graphs, and radar charts.Findings – Six important segments are identified in the data. Three of the segments characterize customers who resist online shopping, even though they engage in other online activities. Security fears and technological incompetence typically inhibit these users from engaging in electronic exchange. Some internet users simply choose not to shop online. Three of the segments describe active e‐shoppers who are driven by a unique desire to socialize, minimize inconvenience, and maximize value.Research limitations...

READING ALOUD TO STUDENTS: A NATIONAL PROBABILITY STUDY OF CLASSROOM READING PRACTICES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Elementary teachers have been encouraged to share literature with their students by reading to them daily and recommending books. Although such suggestions are common, little is known about the number of teachers who read to their students regularly and how often this practice occurs across the elementary grades. In this study, 1,874 elementary teachers were surveyed nationally to determine how often they read to their students. Teachers reported how many of the last ten school days they read to their students. Results include the finding that much more teacher reading of books to students occurs in the primary grades compared with the intermediate grades. Also, primary-grade teachers frequently read picture books to their students while intermediate grade teachers read chapter books most often. Informational books are not often read by teachers to students in any of the elementary grades. Discussion of the results centers around reading aloud in the primary and intermediate grades, picture and chapter-book reading, informational book reading, and introducing and recommending books.Elementary teachers have been encouraged to share literature with their students by reading to them daily and recommending books. Although such suggestions are common, little is known about the number of teachers who read to their students regularly and how often this practice occurs across the elementary grades. In this study, 1,874 elementary teachers were surveyed nationally to determine how often they read to their students. Teachers reported how many of the last ten school days they read to their students. Results include the finding that much more teacher reading of books to students occurs in the primary grades compared with the intermediate grades. Also, primary-grade teachers frequently read picture books to their students while intermediate grade teachers read chapter books most often. Informational books are not often read by teachers to students in any of the elementary grades. Discussion of the results centers around reading aloud in the primary and intermediate grades, picture and chapter-bo...

Shopping mall customer values: the national mall shopper and the list of values

Abstract In a national US study of heads of households, shopping mall behaviors and values are examined. Three-fourths of respondents reported visiting at least one shopping mall during a 2 month period. Among mall customers, during this 2 month period the average number of mall visits was 4.69, resulting in 5.35 purchases averaging

Retailing trends in the USA: competition, consumers, technology and the economy

60.00 each. The study focuses on the values of mall shoppers, using the List of Values (LOV). It is hypothesized and found that frequent mall shoppers have higher needs than others for ‘sense of belonging’, ‘warm relationships’, and ‘security’. Their needs are also higher for ‘excitement’. It is hypothesized that needs for ‘self-fulfillment’, ‘self-respect’, and a ‘sense of accomplishment’ are negatively related to mall-visit-frequency; a result partially supported by the data.

Retailing, as a career: A comparative study of marketers

During the past decade significant changes have been occurring in the US retail market. Among the principal changes are those in competition, consumers, technology and the economy. Changes in these areas are reflected in trends in retail practice. Reviews the underlying changes that have been occurring along with their corresponding retailing trends, which include micromarketing, globalization, new retail formats, quick response and ethnic retailing.

Do teachers who read personally use recommended literacy practices in their classrooms

Abstract This note reports how positions in retailing—particularly store-based positions—compare with other marketing-related positions. While much of the past literature concerning work experiences in retail settings is primarily perceptual and anecdotal, the results of this nationwide study are based on an examination of actual workplace experiences in marketing-related positions. The findings suggest that workplace experiences in corporate retailing are positive and equivalent to other marketing-related careers. However, workplace experiences in retail store management are less satisfying. The retail store managers studied were paid less, experienced less variety and autonomy on the job, felt less satisfied and committed to their work, and had greater turnover intentions compared to the other marketing managers studied. Managerial implications and recommendations are presented.

Segmenting the discount store market: the domination of the ‘difficult discounter core’

Abstract Elementary teachers have been encouraged to serve as models of reading for their students. They have also been advised to implement specific literacy instructional practices in their classrooms. Although such suggestions are common and are considered to be sound advice, the research literature offers limited support for them. In this study, 1874 elementary teachers nationwide were surveyed to determine their level of commitment as readers, as well as to establish their use of recommended literacy instructional practices. Among the results was a significant linear relationship between teachers who read personally and their use of recommended literacy practices in their classrooms. Significant results were also found regarding differences among teachers by grade level, teacher age, and years of teaching experience. Specific recommendations are provided based on results of the survey.

The relationship between moral decisions and their consequences: A tradeoff analysis approach

This paper discusses a set of segmentation procedures and then illustrates them by means of a study of one thousand Christmas discount-store shoppers in the USA. The results reveal five segments, distinguished from each other on the basis of what the shoppers value in a discount store.

Student Preferences for Sales Careers Around the Pacific Rim

While at one level, the literature in ethics for some issues is broad, deep, and complex, for others it appears limited and lacking in sophistication. This cross — cultural study deals not only with the moral reasoning behind moral dilemmas in business but also with the magnitudes these dilemmas in concert with their possible outcomes and consequences. While many studies discuss the effect of these outcomes, we have found none that have explicitly examined them.The methodology and analysis use a novel approach for this topic, and is a major contribution of the paper: that of tradeoff analysis. Tradeoff analysis is capable of revealing both the nature of an individuals moral reasoning as well as interactions between this and the rewards or consequences for the moral action. These interactions are illustrated with a cross — cultural pilot study conducted in Singapore and the United States, which reveal noteworthy differences in moral decision making.