William S. Griffith

Costs and Benefits of Delayed High School Completion

This investigation assessed participant perceptions of the costs and benefits of earning a GED high school equivalency certificate. Job and occupationally-related motivations for enrollment pre dominated. Participants generally assumed that earning the certifi cate would increase their income approximately five percent and that additional education would yield an additional increase of ten percent. Opportunity costs of

How Pregnant Women Learn about Selected Health Issues: Learning Transaction Types.

658.00 overshadowed the cash costs of

The University of Chicago, 5835 S. Kimbark Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637

25.72. Regression analyses revealed that current income is a better predictor of anticipated future earnings than are age, antici pated schooling, anticipated occupation and salary increase for 1968-1971, collectively. Most participants planned to pursue fur ther education following acquisition of their equivalency certificate. Longitudinal research on a large scale will be required to test the economic and occupational assumptions of American adults en rolled in GED preparatory programs.

A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Adult Basic Education Program.

Understanding the nature and scope of learning during pregnancy is the basis upon which educators can assist pregnant women during their learning as well as have a positive effect on pregnancy outcome. The purposes of this research were to determine how women learn about weight gain, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use during pregnancy and to identify the relationship between learning, knowledge, and health behaviors. Learning transaction types were developed for this study and provide adult educators with a profile of the environmental learning circumstances of pregnant women. Development of learning transaction types was based upon an adaptation of Toughs concept of planners and Knowless concept of self-directed learners. Transaction types consisted of the following components: time in learning, settings of learning, and initiators of the learning episodes. The ex post facto research design involved one hour interviews with 127 women at eight hospitals. The majority of women had spent most of their time engaged in other-initiated learning episodes in the one-to-one and nonhuman settings. Learning transaction types were not associated with health behaviors, but were associated with knowledge about smoking issues.

Agricultural Extension Workers' Roles in Canada and the United States.

ence of psychiatry aided in this objectivity and in the elimination of the &dquo;moralistic judgment.&dquo; The remaining chapters of the book. trace in some detail the growth of the social agency and the limitations &dquo;im-. posed upon voluntarism&dquo; by &dquo;the bureaucratization of the social agency In short, administrative needs shaped the theory and practice of social work as much as the concept of professional skill and the emergence of a professional subculture. There was a shift from cause to function; &dquo;fervor inspired the cause while intelligence directed the function.&dquo; This shift