Wilson Maca Yuki Arie

Metabolic disorder and obesity in 5027 Brazilian postmenopausal women

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of obesity in postmenopausal women and assess the potential effects of increased body mass index (BMI) on lipoprotein profile and on risk factors for arterial hypertension and diabetes. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5027 postmenopausal Brazilian women. Analyses were performed of BMI and cardiovascular factors (systemic blood pressure [BP], total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein [HDL-C], triglyceride, and fast glucose). The statistical analysis included the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Obesity (BMI >30) in our study characterized approximately 30% of the 5027 postmenopausal women. The comparison of patients with normal BMI and those with high BMI showed that high BMI had a significant negative effect on BP, as evidenced by the increased frequency of hypertension in overweight and obese patients (>25) (p < 0.001), that it also negatively and significantly affected triglyceride (p < 0.001) and fast glucose levels (p < 0.001), and that it was linked significantly to low levels of HDL-C. Conclusion: Our data showed the high frequency of obesity in our population and of the cardiovascular risks (glucose, systemic arterial hypertension, and low HDL-C) associated with high BMI. Chinese abstract 目的：评估绝经后女性的肥胖发生率，以及体重指数（BMI）增加对脂类代谢和动脉性高血压、糖尿病的危险因素的潜在影响。 实验设计：5027名巴西绝经后女性参与完成了一项横断面研究。分析BMI和心血管疾病危险因素（系统性高血压[BP]，总胆固醇，低密度脂蛋白，高密度脂蛋白[HDL-C]，甘油三酯和空腹血糖）。统计分析包括卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验。显著性水平设定在5%。 结果：参与实验的5027名绝经后女性中有约30%的人有肥胖（BMI>30）。比较BMI正常的患者和高BMI的患者发现，高BMI患者在BP方面有显著的负面影响，超重和肥胖病人中高血压发生率增加可作为证明 (>25) (p<0.001)，同时对甘油三酯水平(p<0.001)和空腹血糖水平(p<0.001)也有负面且显著的影响，且与低水平HDL-C也有显著地相关性。 结论：数据显示，人群中肥胖高发生率和心血管疾病危险因素（血糖，系统性和低HDL-C）增加都与高BMI相关。

Endometrial prolactin in hyperprolactinemic women

Objective: To observe the behavior of endometrial prolactin in hyper‐ and normoprolactinemic women. Method: Forty women were selected due to alterations in menstrual cycle and/or galactorrhea and/or sterility. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, 19 hyperprolactinemic women; and Group B, 21 normoprolactinemic women. Their mean age was 28.3 years. Laboratory assessments were carried out in the initial follicular phase (days 3–9), initial luteal phase (days 15–21), and late luteal phase (days 22–29) in menstruating women (samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively). In the non‐menstruating women, samples were collected on days 1, 14 and 21 after the initial appointment (samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively). LH, FSH, prolactin and estradiol were measured in sample 1, while prolactin and progesterone were measured in samples 2 and 3. All women were submitted to two biopsies of the endometrium for observing the menstrual cycle, dating, and immunohistochemical detection of endometrial prolactin. Biopsies were obtained simultaneously to samples 2 and 3. To compare the two groups, Students t‐tests or Mann–Whitney statistics were performed. Result: Results showed that the mean percentage of endometrial prolactin were higher in the late luteal phase compared to the initial one in hyper‐ and normoprolactinemic women. Conclusion: The data allowed us to conclude that serum prolactin is not correlated to endometrial prolactin, and that the synthesis of the latter is directly correlated to the differentiation of stromal cells, that is induced by progesterone in a decidualized endometrium.

Effects of finasteride on the morphology of polycystic ovaries

Along with clinical and endocrine modifications ovarian morphology continues to be the basis for the diagnosis of polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS). Androgenic effects on the ovaries may be caused either by testosterone or by dihydrotestosterone. The enzyme that catalizes the transformation from testosterone to DHT is the 5-a-reductase which is present in the follicles stroma and luteal bodies of women’s ovaries. Treatment with inhibitors of the 5-a-reductase blocks the transformation from testosterone to DHT. The objective of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic differences in the ovaries of women with this syndrome after treatment with finasteride an inhibitor of 5-a-reductase. (excerpt)

Brazilian Women’s Health after 65 Years of Age

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the health aspects of Brazilian women older than 65 years of age. Design This was a retrospective study that included 1,001 Brazilian women cared for in the gynecological geriatric outpatient office of our institution. We report a cross-sectional analysis of female adults aged over 65 years, including data on demographics, clinical symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms, associated morbidities, physical examination and sexual intercourse. We used the chi-squared test to assess the data. Results The age of the patients on their first clinic visit ranged from 65 to 98 years, with a mean age of 68.56 ± 4.47 years; their mean age at the time of natural menopause was 48.76 ± 5.07 years. The most frequent clinical symptoms reported during the analyzed period were hot flashes (n = 188), followed by arthropathy, asthenia, and dry vagina. The most frequent associated morbidities after 65 years of age were systemic arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbance, diabetes mellitus, and depression, among others. The assessment of the body mass index (BMI) found decreases in BMI with increased age. At the time of the visit, 78 patients reported sexual intercourse. The majority of women reporting sexual intercourse (89.75%, n =  70) were between 65 and 69 years of age, 8.97% (n = 7) were between 70 and 74 years of age, and only 1.28% (n = 1) of those were aged older than 75 years. Conclusions Our findings suggested that vasomotor symptoms can persist after 65 years of age. There was a significant decrease in sexual intercourse with increased age. The cardiovascular disturbances in our study are health concerns in these women.