Wilson Record

The Negro Intellectual and Negro Nationalism

would mean a greater immediate shock, the latter would take a little more time, but both involve consequences which will materialize in a gradual manner. The net consequences of the abandonment of compulsory segregation may be short of what many people feared they would be, but they may also be short of what many people hoped they would be. I suggest that the greatest positive consequence may be that the South will be rid of the stigma of unfair legal compulsion against the Negro and that the Negro will be rid of a hated symbol of second-class citizenship. And maybe we should be thankful if the Supreme Court does this for us. This sort of thing is hard to abandon voluntarily, and the South might not do it of its accord for another fifty years.

Totalist and Pluralist Views of Women's Liberation: Some Reflections on the Chinese and American Settings

When assessing developments in China and particularly in making cross-cultural comparisons concerning womens interests, aspirations, and achievements, Western observers should place pluralist-totalist differences at the center of their analytical paradigms, lest they ask the wrong questions. This paper looks at womens movements in China and the United States with primary reference to the ideological contexts. Some of the questions discussed: Can women achieve full liberation within capitalism? Is the suppression of feminist initiatives in contemporary China merely male chauvinsim in a Mao jacket? To what extent should the state invade households and other private institutions to assure equality for women? Should state initiative be confined to opening new doors, or should the state exhort women to enter them?

Ideological Forces and the Negro Protest

The challenge of Negro protest and the response of the white community in the 1960s raise anew the central questions of the American ideological tradition. The current conflict over goals and techniques is essentially the same ends- and-means controversy that has divided Americans and fresh ened their dialogue for nearly two centuries. Rationality versus irrationality, prudence versus moral conscience, private versus public interest, property rights versus human rights, limited versus unlimited weapons, radicalism versus equalitarianism, separatism versus integrationism—all the great philosophical issues are inherent in the present phenomena of protest and re sistance: in the street demonstrations, the sit-ins, the court cases, the riots, the economic reprisals, the bombings, the beatings, and the rest. Both in aim and in method the center thrust of Negro protest closely resembles the labor, feminist, agrarian, antitrust, and other equalitarian movements. Though the American value context has been ambiguous enough to support the Negro in his struggles for survival and freedom and also to lend en couragement to those he has struggled against, the weight of ideological coercion has been shifting toward equalitarianism in the past two decades.