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Featured researches published by Winand Brinkmann.


Nature Geoscience | 2013

Climatic and biotic upheavals following the end-Permian mass extinction

Carlo Luca Romanò; Nicolas Goudemand; Torsten Vennemann; David Ware; Elke Schneebeli-Hermann; Peter A. Hochuli; Thomas Brühwiler; Winand Brinkmann; Hugo Bucher

The recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction was slow and prolonged. A temperature reconstruction shows that further biotic crises during the recovery were associated with extreme warmth. Recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction is frequently described as delayed1,2,3, with complex ecological communities typically not found in the fossil record until the Middle Triassic epoch. However, the taxonomic diversity of a number of marine groups, ranging from ammonoids to benthic foraminifera, peaked rapidly in the Early Triassic4,5,6,7,8,9,10. These variations in biodiversity occur amidst pronounced excursions in the carbon isotope record, which are compatible with episodes of massive CO2 outgassing from the Siberian Large Igneous Province4,11,12,13. Here we present a high-resolution Early Triassic temperature record based on the oxygen isotope composition of pristine apatite from fossil conodonts. Our reconstruction shows that the beginning of the Smithian substage of the Early Triassic was marked by a cooler climate, followed by an interval of warmth lasting until the Spathian substage boundary. Cooler conditions resumed in the Spathian. We find the greatest increases in taxonomic diversity during the cooler phases of the early Smithian and early Spathian. In contrast, a period of extreme warmth in the middle and late Smithian was associated with floral ecological change and high faunal taxonomic turnover in the ocean. We suggest that climate upheaval and carbon-cycle perturbations due to volcanic outgassing were important drivers of Early Triassic biotic recovery.


Biological Reviews | 2016

Permian–Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

Carlo Luca Romanò; Martha B. Koot; Ilja Kogan; Arnaud Brayard; Alla V. Minikh; Winand Brinkmann; Hugo Bucher; Jürgen Kriwet

The Permian and Triassic were key time intervals in the history of life on Earth. Both periods are marked by a series of biotic crises including the most catastrophic of such events, the end‐Permian mass extinction, which eventually led to a major turnover from typical Palaeozoic faunas and floras to those that are emblematic for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Here we review patterns in Permian–Triassic bony fishes, a group whose evolutionary dynamics are understudied. Based on data from primary literature, we analyse changes in their taxonomic diversity and body size (as a proxy for trophic position) and explore their response to Permian–Triassic events. Diversity and body size are investigated separately for different groups of Osteichthyes (Dipnoi, Actinistia, ‘Palaeopterygii’, ‘Subholostei’, Holostei, Teleosteomorpha), within the marine and freshwater realms and on a global scale (total diversity) as well as across palaeolatitudinal belts. Diversity is also measured for different palaeogeographical provinces. Our results suggest a general trend from low osteichthyan diversity in the Permian to higher levels in the Triassic. Diversity dynamics in the Permian are marked by a decline in freshwater taxa during the Cisuralian. An extinction event during the end‐Guadalupian crisis is not evident from our data, but ‘palaeopterygians’ experienced a significant body size increase across the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary and these fishes upheld their position as large, top predators from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic. Elevated turnover rates are documented at the Permian–Triassic boundary, and two distinct diversification events are noted in the wake of this biotic crisis, a first one during the Early Triassic (dipnoans, actinistians, ‘palaeopterygians’, ‘subholosteans’) and a second one during the Middle Triassic (‘subholosteans’, neopterygians). The origination of new, small taxa predominantly among these groups during the Middle Triassic event caused a significant reduction in osteichthyan body size. Neopterygii, the clade that encompasses the vast majority of extant fishes, underwent another diversification phase in the Late Triassic. The Triassic radiation of Osteichthyes, predominantly of Actinopterygii, which only occurred after severe extinctions among Chondrichthyes during the Middle–Late Permian, resulted in a profound change within global fish communities, from chondrichthyan‐rich faunas of the Permo‐Carboniferous to typical Mesozoic and Cenozoic associations dominated by actinopterygians. This turnover was not sudden but followed a stepwise pattern, with leaps during extinction events.


Palaeontologische Zeitschrift | 1984

Erster Nachweis eines Hadrosauriers (Ornithischia) aus dem unteren Garumnium (Maastrichtium) des Beckens von Tremp (Provinz Lérida, Spanien)

Winand Brinkmann

The Tremp basin, North-Spain, is a classical area of paleontological research. From the Upper Cretaceous of this region we know up to now two Sauropods (Hypselosaurus, Titanosaurus) and aniguanodontid Dinosaur (Rhabdodon). Both ischia described in this paper are derived from a Hadrosaur skeleton. This is the first record of the group south of the Pyrenees. It remains uncertain, whether the ischia belong to the only hadrosaurian known from Europe,Orthomerus transsylvanicus, or if they give evidence of an hitherto unknown taxon.SumarioLa Conca de Tremp (Lérida) es una región clásica de investigaciónes paleontologícas. Conoscemos dos Sauropodos (Hypselosaurus y Titanosaurus) yun Dinosaurio iguanodontido (Rhabdodon) del Cretácico superior de la misma. En esta nota se describen dos ischias, que proceden del esqueleto de un Hadrosaurio Tenemos así la primera verificación de este grupo meridional de los Pireneos. Se queda problemático si las ischias forman parte del unico Hadrosaurio conocido en Europa,Orthomerus transsylvanicus, o si ellas dan indicación de un taxon inexplorado hasta ahora.KurzfassungDas Becken von Tremp, Nordspanien, ist ein klassisches Gebiet paläontologischer Forschung. An Dinosauriern kennen wir aus der Oberkreide dieser Region bislang zwei sauropode Formen (Hypselosaurus, Titanosaurus) und einen Iguanodontiden (Rhabdodon). Die beiden hier beschriebenen Ischia stammen von dem Skelett eines Hadrosauriers. Damit gelingt der erste Nachweis dieser Gruppe sudlich der Pyrenaen. Ungeklart bleibt, ob die Ischia zuOrthomerus transsylvanicus, dem einzigen aus Europa bekannten Hadrosaurier, gestellt werden müssen oder ob sie auf ein bisher unbekanntes Taxon hinweisen.


Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | 2010

A New Specimen of the Hybodont Shark Palaeobates polaris with Three-Dimensionally Preserved Meckel's Cartilage from the Smithian (Early Triassic) of Spitsbergen

Carlo Luca Romanò; Winand Brinkmann

ABSTRACT A new, well-preserved specimen of Palaeobates polaris from the Smithian ‘fish horizon’ of Spitsbergen (Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Norway) is presented. The find is more complete than the type material of P. polaris and contains amongst others the left mandibular branch with associated dentition and labial cartilage as well as elements of the hyoid arch and a portion of the anterior dorsal fin. P. polaris shares with the other species of the genus Palaeobates the same tooth histology (orthodont teeth with pulp cavity), but the ornamentation of the teeth is different. Several studies have shown that it is problematic to deduce phylogenetic relationships among hybodontiform sharks by means of tooth histology. Moreover, orthodont teeth with a pulp cavity are probably plesiomorphic for hybodontiforms. Based on the new find of P. polaris, three other characters are proposed to be apomorphic for Palaeobates in general: (1) the lower margin of the dental groove of Meckels cartilage runs nearer to the ventral than to the dorsal border of the mandible in P. polaris but medially to these margins of the lower jaw in the crown group hybodontoid Acrodus; (2) the number of tooth files and arrangement of the teeth of P. polaris are well-distinguishable from those of Acrodus and Asteracanthus; and (3) the dorsal fin spines of P. polaris, and also of P. angustissimus, tend to be more slender compared to those of Hybodus and Acrodus. Nonetheless, more material is needed to ascertain if these traits are useful to separate Palaeobates from other hybodontiforms.


Palaeontologische Zeitschrift | 2008

The Paleozoic and Mesozoic vertebrate record of Venezuela: An overview, summary of previous discoveries and report of a mosasaur from the La Luna Formation (Cretaceous)

Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra; Winand Brinkmann; Roberto Lozsán

Most reports of Paleozoic and Mesozoic vertebrates from Venezuela are anecdotical, with few detailed descriptions of mostly ‘fish’ groups. Synapsids (e.g., mammals) are totally unknown, and dinosaurs are only reported from the La Quinta Formation. At least 14 formally recognized geological formations contain fossil vertebrates, most from the Central and Western parts of the country. In the Devonian there is a significant contrast between the vertebrates of Venezuela and Colombia and those of more southern parts of South America. Marine reptiles are present in a few localities in western Venezuela, and are very fragmentary, with one exception. A mosasaur from the Cretaceous La Luna Formation, reported here for the first time, is the most complete vertebrate (tetrapod) from the Cretaceous of Venezuela, and includes a partial skull and a few postcranial remains.KurzfassungBerichte über paläozoische und mesozoische Wirbeltiere von Venezuela sind weitgehend anekdotisch, mit der Ausnahme von wenigen ausführlichen Beschreibungen, die meistens ‘Fischgruppen’ betreffen. Synapsiden (z.B. Mammalier) sind völlig unbekannt und Dinosaurier sind nur aus der La Quinta Formation nachgewiesen. Mindestens 14 formell anerkannte geologische Formationen haben fossile Wirbeltiere geliefert, meistens aus den zentralen und westlichen Landesteilen. Im Devonium fällt zwischen den Wirbeltieren aus Venezuela und Kolumbien sowie jenen aus südlicheren Regionen Südamerikas ein wesentlicher Gegensatz auf. Marine Reptilien sind aus wenigen Lokalitäten von Westvenezuela nachgewiesen. Diese Funde sind mit einer Ausnahme sehr fragmentarisch. Über einen Mosasaurier aus der kretazischen La Luna Formation wird hier erstmals berichtet. Dabei handelt es sich um das vollständigste Wirbeltier (Tetrapode) aus der Kreide von Venezuela. Das Material umfasst einen unvollständigen Schädel und wenige postcraniale Reste.


Swiss Journal of Palaeontology | 2016

Marine Early Triassic Osteichthyes from Spiti, Indian Himalayas

Carlo Luca Romanò; David Ware; Thomas Brühwiler; Hugo Bucher; Winand Brinkmann

A new, marine osteichthyan (bony fish) fauna from the Early Triassic of northern India is presented. The material was collected in situ at localities within Pin Valley (Lahaul and Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh, India) and is dated as middle-late Dienerian (one specimen possibly earliest Smithian). The new ichthyofauna includes a lower jaw of the predatory basal ray-finned fish Saurichthys, a nearly complete specimen of a parasemionotid neopterygian (cf. Watsonulus cf. eugnathoides), as well as further articulated and disarticulated remains (Actinopterygii indet., Actinistia indet.), and thus comprises the most complete Triassic fish fossils known from the Indian subcontinent. Saurichthys is known from many Triassic localities and reached a global distribution rapidly after the Late Permian mass extinction event. Parasemionotidae, a species-rich family restricted to the Early Triassic, also achieved widespread distribution during this epoch. Comparison of the Spiti material with other parasemionotid species reveals similarities with Watsonulus eugnathoides from Madagascar. However, taxonomic ambiguities within Parasemionotidae prevent a specific attribution of the Spiti specimen. The new material also includes an isolated actinistian urohyal exhibiting morphology distinct from any previously described urohyal. Marine Dienerian black shale deposited on continental shelves are common not only in the Himalayas but also in other geographic regions. Anoxic depositional settings provide ideal preservational conditions for vertebrate fossils, suggesting that additional ichthyofaunas could still be discovered in marine Dienerian strata of other localities. The study of Early Triassic fish assemblages, including the presented one, is fundamental for our understanding of the great osteichthyan diversification after the Late Permian mass extinction event.


Bulletin of Geosciences | 2012

Saurichthys and other fossil fishes from the late Smithian (Early Triassic) of Bear Lake County (Idaho, USA), with a discussion of saurichthyid palaeogeography and evolution

Carlo Luca Romanò; Ilja Kogan; J. Jenks; I. Jerjen; Winand Brinkmann


Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie-abhandlungen | 2009

Reappraisal of the lower actinopterygian Birgeria stensioei Aldinger, 1931 (Osteichthyes; Birgeriidae) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) and Besano (Italy)

Carlo Luca Romanò; Winand Brinkmann


Palaeontologia Electronica | 2015

Articulated bone sets of manus and pedes of Camarasaurus (Sauropoda, Dinosauria)

Emanuel Tschopp; Oliver Wings; Thomas Frauenfelder; Winand Brinkmann


Schwery, O; Köhnemann, B A; Michler, F U; Brinkmann, W (2011). Morphometrical characterisation of a raccoon (Procyon lotor L.) population from Müritz National Park (Germany) by means of the Os baculum. Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung, 36:605-617. | 2011

Morphometrical characterisation of a raccoon (Procyon lotor L.) population from Müritz National Park (Germany) by means of the Os baculum

Orlando Schwery; Berit A. Köhnemann; Frank-Uwe Michler; Winand Brinkmann

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Ilja Kogan

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology

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