Windsor C. Cutting

Comparison of excited phases alter sedatives and tranquilizers

Summary1.When compared on an activity table, mice given phenobarbital or ethanol show an initial excitatory phase.2.This excitatory phase resembles that after pipradrol.3.Chlorpromazine, buclizine, meprobamate and hydroxyzine, by contrast, show no initial stimulatory phase.4.Thus, with respect to presence or absence of initial excitatory phase, the tranquilizer group is quite distinct from the typical sedative, phenobarbital, and includes buclizine and meprobamate.

Inhibitory Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Columbia SK Virus Propagation in Mouse Ascites Tumor Cells in vitro.

Summary An inhibitory effect of ammonium sulfate on Col SK virus propagation in in vitro cultures of mouse ascites tumor cells has been described. The effect was observed on virus synthesis, HA production, and CPE. Single cycle virus growth experiments showed that ammonium sulfate was apparently effective even at the later stage of the latent period. The effect was limited to the HA-positive strain of Col SK virus; the HA-negative strain of Col SK virus and a neurotropic virus (LCM, strain NY#621) were completely resistant to the ammonium ion in the same system.

Allergic Sensitization to penicillin Experimental Results

Conclusions 1. Mild preexisting sensitivity to pure crystalline sodium penicillin G, injected intradermally, was demonstrable occasionally in guinea pigs and rabbits. 2. Typical general sensitivity could not be demonstrated with pure penicillin G applied to guinea pigs by local or parenteral routes. 3. Local sensitization of the Arthus type phenomenon was produced consistently by repeated injections into rabbits of pure sodium penicillin G, or commercial calcium penicillin. These reactions were comparable to those produced by similar injections of horse serum, but somewhat less intense. 4. Similar local sensitization was observed in a patient injected with commercial penicillin in oil and beeswax. 5. Accordingly, the purest obtainable crystalline penicillin can act as a sensitizing agent with manifestations like those of native protein, and the skin is the outstanding organ for the seat of the allergic reaction.

Circling Syndrome Produced in Mice by Dimethylaminohexose Reductone

Conclusions 1. A permanent circling syndrome can be produced in mice by a single injection of dimethylaminohexose reductone. 2. The syndrome is characterized by frequent head tossing and running in circles. Body temperature, oxygen consumption and basic activity are not altered but ability to resist stress by staying on a rotating rod is decreased.

Effect of Insulin on Rate of Metabolism of Ethyl Alcohol

Summary Insulin in a dose of 1 unit per kg was found to be variably effective in accelerating the rate of alcohol metabolism, the effect being striking in 2 dogs, much less in another. This is in accord with the variable results reported by Widmark.4 Half this dose was entirely ineffective in 2 dogs. The failure of Gregory and coworkers7 to demonstrate this accelerating action of insulin in adequate dosage must be due to the possibility that their 6 dogs fell, by chance, into the group of animals which does not show a striking acceleration with insulin.

Histological changes in cells infected with Columbia SK virus.

Conclusions The changes produced in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by Columbia SK virus are described, using various staining technics including fluorescent antibody staining.

Absorption of Penicillin from the Nose and Alimentary Canal

Conclusions 1. Penicillin is absorbed from the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon of rats about one-fifth as well as from intramuscular injection. 2. Penicillin is also absorbed from the nose or mouth of dogs about one-fourth as well as from intramuscular injection. 3. Concentrations higher than 25,000 units of penicillin per cc depress, reversibly, the ciliary activity in frogs esophagus. 4. Penicillin may be sprayed into the nose in concentrations of 100,000 units per cc without producing significant irritation. 5. Although the blood concentrations following intranasal spraying of penicillin are low, they may enhance local antibacterial effects in the upper respiratory tract.

Effect of a low calorie, low protein diet on blood proteins.

Conclusions 1. Due principally to low fluid intake, the blood is concentrated and the serum protein concentration slightly less than proportionately increased by a low calorie diet containing no protein. 2. Two days of protein deprivation is an insufficient time to make any change in the character of the blood proteins, but lowers the total blood protein definitely.

Loss of Neurotropic Pathogenicity and Hemagglutinating Property of Columbia SK Virus by in vitro Cultivation in Sarcoma 180 Ascites Cells.

Summary Attenuation of Columbia SK virus by in vitro cultivation in 30 serial passages in Sarcoma 180 ascites cells is described, during which the virus lost neurotropic virulence and the HA property. Nonspecific HA inhibitor in the culture medium has no connection with the changed virus nature. The attenuated virus could be used as a live vaccine for prophylaxis of Columbia SK mouse infection.

Penicillin: Miscellaneous Pharmacological Results.*

Summary In spite of the lethal effect which penicillin exerts on bacteria, power to alter or poison normal physiological processes significantly has not been demonstrated. It has no demonstrable effects on contraction of the isolated aorta or pregnant uterus, or on the vomiting reflex of pigeons; it produces no serious meningeal irritation; and, in small doses, it produces no chronic tissue changes in rats. Although the penicillin used inhibited the liberation of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide by catalysis, the inhibition persisted after inactivation of the penicillin and, therefore, may be due to some other substance in the impure products. Monoethylether of diethylene glycol did not promote its percutaneous absorption.