Witoon Prasertcharoensuk

One-day compared with 7-day nitrofurantoin for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a 1-day nitrofurantoin regimen is as effective as a 7-day regimen in eradicating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. METHODS: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled noninferiority trial was conducted in antenatal clinics in Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Argentina. Pregnant women seeking antenatal care between March 2004 and March 2007 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. Those who consented were randomly allocated to receive either a 1-day or a 7-day course of 100 mg capsules of nitrofurantoin, which was taken twice daily. The primary outcome was bacteriologic cure on day 14 of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1,248 of 24,430 eligible women had asymptomatic bacteriuria, making the overall prevalence of 5.1%. Of these 1,248 women, 778 women were successfully recruited, and 386 and 392 women were randomly allocated to 1-day and 7-day regimens, respectively. Escherichia coli was the most common potentially pathogenic bacteria detected, its prevalence approaching 50%. Bacteriologic cure rates at treatment day 14 were 75.7% and 86.2% for 1-day and 7-day regimens, respectively. The cure rate difference was –10.5% (95% confidence interval −16.1% to −4.9%). Mean birth weight and mean gestational age at delivery were significantly lower in the 1-day regimen group. There were fewer adverse effects in the 1-day regimen group, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: A 1-day regimen of nitrofurantoin is significantly less effective than a 7-day regimen. Women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy should receive the standard 7-day regimen. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, isrctn.org, ISRCTN11966080 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I

The outcomes of midline versus medio-lateral episiotomy

BackgroundEpisiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vaginal orifice by an incision of the perineum during the second stage of labor or just before delivery of the baby. During the 1970s, it was common to perform an episiotomy for almost all women having their first delivery, ostensibly for prevention of severe perineum tears and easier subsequent repair. However, there are no data available to indicate if an episiotomy should be midline or medio-lateral. We compared midline versus medio-lateral episiotomy for complication such as extended perineal tears, pain scores, wound infection rates and other complications.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort including 1,302 women, who gave birth vaginally between April 2005 and February 2006 at Srinagarind Hospital – a tertiary care center in Northeast Thailand. All women included had low risk pregnancies and delivered at term. The outcome measures included deep perineal tears (including perineal tears with anal sphincter and/or rectum tears), other complications, and womens satisfaction at 48 hours and 6-weeks postpartum.ResultsIn women with midline episiotomy, deep perineal tears occurred in 14.8%, which is statistically significantly higher compared to 7% in women who underwent a medio-lateral episiotomy (p-value < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups for other outcomes (such as blood loss, vaginal hematoma, infection, pain, dyspareunia, and womens satisfaction with the method). The risk factors for deep perineal tears were: midline episiotomy, primiparity, maternal height < 145 cm, fetal birth weight > 3,500 g and forceps extraction.ConclusionMidline compared to medio-lateral episiotomy resulted in more deep perineal tears. It is more likely deep perineal tears would occur in cases with additional risk factors.

Does Indomethacin Prevent Preterm Birth in Women with Cervical Dilatation in the Second Trimester

We sought to estimate the effect of indomethacin on duration of pregnancy in women with dilated cervix between 14 (0)/ (7) to 25 (6)/ (7) weeks. Demographics, risk factors, and outcomes were compared in women 14 (0)/ (7) to 25 (6)/ (7) weeks with a dilated cervix > or = 1 cm who received indomethacin versus no indomethacin therapy, stratified for cerclage. Primary outcome was interval from presentation until delivery. Of 222 singleton gestations, 68 (31%) received indomethacin. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, no significant differences were observed in interval from presentation to delivery and preterm birth < 28, < 32, or < 35 weeks comparing the indomethacin and no indomethacin groups, even after stratification for cerclage. In multivariate logistic regression analysis limited to women receiving cerclage, preterm birth < 32 weeks (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.26, 1.25) and < 35 weeks (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.23, 1.14) suggested a possible but not significant benefit for indomethacin use. Indomethacin therapy in women with dilated cervix at 14 (0)/ (7) to 25 (6)/ (7) weeks, regardless of cerclage or not, had no effect on pregnancy outcomes.

One-Day Compared With 7-Day Nitrofurantoin for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACTOver 20% of culture-positive untreated pregnant women develop pyelonephritis and other symptomatic disease. The risk of pyelonephritis in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria is reduced by treatment with antibiotics. It is unclear whether 1-day antibiotic therapy or treatment for sev

Maternal and fetal mortality and complications associated with cesarean section deliveries in teaching hospitals in Asia

Aim:  To compare the mortality, morbidity of emergency and elective cesarean section with vaginal delivery among Asian teaching hospitals

Success rate in preterm uterine contraction inhibition with tocolytic agents in a tertiary care center

Objective This study aims to assess the success rate of inhibiting preterm uterine contraction with tocolytic agents to delay delivery for at least 48 hours and risk factors of failure inhibition. Materials and methods Between January 2013 and July 2014, medical records of all singleton pregnant women between 24 0/7 and 33 6/7 weeks of gestation with the diagnosis of preterm labor (with cervical dilatation) or threatened preterm labor (without cervical dilatation) who received tocolytic agents were reviewed. The success rate of preterm uterine contraction inhibition was accounted in patients with 48 hours delayed delivery. The risk factors of the inhibition failure and neonatal outcomes were also investigated in this study. Results Among 424 pregnant women diagnosed of preterm labor or threatened preterm labor, 103 singleton pregnant women met the study criteria. Overall success rate of preterm uterine contraction inhibition to prolong pregnancy for at least 48 hours was 86.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.3, 92.3). However, the success rate among the threatened preterm labor group was 93.8% (95% CI: 88.3, 99.1) while the preterm labor group was 60.9% (95% CI: 39.3, 82.4). The significant factor associated with inhibition failure was preterm labor (adjusted odds ratio 7.22; 95% CI: 1.99, 26.20). Conclusion The success rate of preterm uterine contraction inhibition with tocolytic agents to delay delivery for at least 48 hours was high in threatened preterm labor and low in preterm labor. A significant risk factor for inhibition failure was the preterm uterine contraction with cervical change.

P09.21: Amniocentesis should always be performed in women with a dilated cervix in the 2nd trimester: results from the GNPRH international cohort study

pregnancies) and 5 have survived (38.5% survival rate). The medium gestational age at necropsy was 121.6 days (varying from 93 to 145 days). Macroscopically the defect was present in 4 cases. Microscopy revealed a ‘‘flat’’ medulla with no medullar canal and a fused dura and piamater. MRI showed caudal cerebellar tonsils herniation through the foramen magnum (hindbrain herniation) and syringomyelia. Conclusion: The produced defect hystologically mimics the defects in the human fetus, including the Arnold-Chiari malformation. The ovine fetus can be used as an animal model for the human meningomyelocele defect. We established a standard technique to produce such a lesion.