Wojciech Rybiński

Chemical composition of leguminous seeds: part I—content of basic nutrients, amino acids, phytochemical compounds, and antioxidant activity

The aim of the study was to determine and analyse the content of essential nutrients, the amino acid profile, phytochemical compounds, and antioxidant activity in the seeds of selected species and varieties of Fabaceae plants. The highest total protein content was detected in the seeds of the yellow and Andean lupines. The lupine seeds were characterised by a high (P < 0.05) level of crude fibre, NDF, and CEL. The highest proportion of EAAI (77%) was noted in the protein of chickpea, broad bean, grasspea, and pea. Among the Fabaceae plants analysed, chickpea seeds exhibited the highest (P < 0.05) levels of total phenols and polyphenols. The greatest (P < 0.05) antioxidant activity (DPPH) was noted for the lentil and yellow lupine seeds. Compared to the other legume representatives, the importance of lupine is increasing, as the chemical composition of its seeds makes the plant an important nutraceutical component.

Analysis of interspecies physicochemical variation of grain legume seeds

Abstract The paper presents an attempt to assess the reaction of seeds to mechanical loads taking into account their geometry expressed as seed thickness and 1000 seed weight. The initial material comprised 33 genotypes of grain legume plants and included cultivars registered in the country and breeding lines that are subject to pre-registration trials. The analysis of variance revealed significant diversity of the cultivars and lines of the species studied in terms of each of the analysed trait. The highest weight of 1000 seeds were obtained for white lupine seeds and peas, the lowest for andean lupine seeds. The maximum deformation and energy were obtained for white lupine seeds, the lowest for pea seeds, the maximum force and module the lowest values were determined for narrow-leafed lupine and pea. The highest values of protein were obtained for andean and yellow lupine, a fat content for andean and white lupine. The fatty acid profile as much as 70% or more were linoleic and oleic acids. Against the background of all the species are distinguished by white lupine seeds with a high content of oleic acid and the lowest of linoleic acid, for yellow lupine were obtained the inverse ratio of the two acids.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of alkaloids composition in the seeds of a white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) collection

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has unexploited potential as a crop plant due to its high seed yield as well as protein and oil content in seeds. Well-characterized collections of gene resources are very important for breeding as a source of genetic variation. This paper presents the results of analyses for total content and qualitative composition of alkaloids in seeds of 367 L. albus accessions from the Polish Genebank. Accessions were divided into four classes of origin: wild collected material, land races, breeding lines, and cultivars. Apart from the expected broad variation as well as strong differentiation in the alkaloid content, a clear influence of domestication was observed. This was shown as an apparent decrease in the alkaloid content in breeding lines and cultivars classes. The total alkaloid content varies from 0.02 to 12.73% of the seed dry weight. Six major alkaloids (abundance >1%) were revealed: lupanine (28.22–94.49%, mean 76.06% in total content), 13-hydroxylupanine (0.10–32.78%, mean 8.23%), multiflorine (0.00–21.67%, mean 5.52%), albine (0.00–18.55%, mean 4.48%), angustifoline (0.24–12.14%, mean 2.07%), 11,12-seco-12,13-didehydromultiflorine (0.00–12.28%, mean 1.74%). Owing to its abundance, lupanine was found to be the most closely correlated to the total alkaloid content.

Testing uniformity of mutants of the Lathyrus sativus L. (grasspea) using Bennet's method.

In this paper interest is focused on uniformity of individual mutants. Because before the registration of a new variety the criteria for DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) are checked, so you should also check whether the mutant meets them. The aim of created mutants, in many genetic experiments, is to expand variation of the initial material. This is achieved through use of the mutagen or combination of mutagens on different stages of plants growth. The experimenter should choose some of obtained mutants (for example these which showed better property as regards the same trait). Calculations were done on the basis of results of test with variety Krab of the Lathyrus sativus L. (grasspea) species and 17 mutants getting from this variety. Uniformity was checked with the use of the Bennett’s method which is based on testing of equality of coefficients of variation. After analysis the mutants with codes K3, K37, K63, and K64 were detected as uniform at the same level as variety Krab.

Path analysis and estimation of additive and epistatic gene effects of barley SSD lines

Abstract In the paper presented, 99 single seed descent barley lines as well as their parental forms Roland and Apex were studied. The grain weight components and their interrelations were analyzed using simple coefficients of correlation. The direct and indirect effects of such components on grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight were estimated using path analysis. In the 2006 and 2007, the spike length and number of spikelets per spike were the determinants of grain weight. Genetic parameters as additive and epistasis effects were estimated for all studied traits. The results indicate the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects of number of spikes per plant, grain weight per spike, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant in this study.

Preliminary Estimation of Variation of Alkaloids Content in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Collection

Grain legume crops are crucial elements of global agriculture and nutrition, both as food and feed, since they are major sources of plant protein. Of the many species of genus Lupinus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. albus (characterized by high protein content) are particularly important from the agricultural point of view. Among them, white lupin (L. albus) has unexploited potential in Poland as a crop plant due to its high seed yield as well as protein and oil content in the seeds. In white lupin breeding, the reduction of alkaloid content in seeds is important. The paper presents an assessment of the variability in total alkaloid content and qualitative composition of alkaloids in seeds of white lupin. Plant material constituted 150 accessions from domestic collections, divided into five classes: wild collected material, landraces, induced mutants, breeding lines, and cultivars. Total alkaloid content was analysed along with qualitative composition expressed by four major alkaloids, and broad variation was found. The total alkaloid content varied from 0.008 to 11.1% of seed dry weight. An apparent decrease in alkaloid content was shown in breeding lines and cultivars, indicating a clear influence of domestication. The four major alkaloids (abundance >1%) were lupanine (mean 71.3%), 13–hydroxylupanine (10.46%), multiflorine (6.8%) and angustifoline (3.8%). The lower alkaloid content of breeding lines and cultivars, as compared to wild lines and landraces, was associated with higher relative contents of 13–hydroxylupanine and angustifoline and lower relative contents of lupanine and multiflorine.

Antioxidant Potential of Grass Pea Seeds from European Countries

Phenolic compounds were extracted from seeds of 30 varieties of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) into 80% (v/v) methanol. The total phenolics compounds content of the extracts and their antioxidant activity were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, respectively. Total phenolic contents ranged from 1.88 to 7.12 mg/g extract and 20.3 to 70.3 mg/100 g seeds. The extracts and seeds were characterized using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 0.015–0.037 mmol Trolox/g extract and 0.158–0.372 mmol Trolox/100 g seeds, and FRAP values of 0.045–0.120 mmol Fe2+/g extract and 0.487–1.189 Fe2+/100 g seeds. The total phenolics content of grass pea extract was correlated with the results of the ABTS (r = 0.881) and FRAP (r = 0.781) assays. The same correlation was observed between the results of both assays (r = 0.842). Two derivatives of p-coumaric acid were the dominant phenolic compounds of the Derek cultivar of grass pea.

Testing of uniformity of seven Lathyrus species using Bennett’s and Miller’s methods

In this paper we focused on uniformity of seven Lathyrus species: Lathyrus aphaca, L. cicero, L. clymenum, L. hirsutus, L. ochrus, L. sativus and L. tingitanus. Two statistical methods, the Bennett’s and the Miller’s were compared. In both methods, coefficient of variation for evaluation of the uniformity of crop varieties was used. Four quantitative traits were analyzed: length of the pod, width of the pod, weight of seeds from the pod and 100 seed weight. The results of the study demonstrated that, the Bennett’s method is less restrictive (lesser species were found to be uniform in analyzed traits) compared to the Miller’s one.