Wojciech T. Dobrosielski

Representation of a trend in OFN during fuzzy observance of the water level from the Crisis control center

This paper presents the issue of fuzzy arithmetic calculations in two different notations. The well-known L-R notation proposed by Dubois-Prade, which enjoys a well-earned recognition of the researchers dealing with fuzzy logic was presented on one hand. On the other hand, a OFN notation introduced by Kosiński was discussed. Comparative calculations were performed using the data of the benchmark “Dam and Crisis control center paradox”. That benchmark is available in two versions, where the opposite trend is visible at the dam and at the CCC (Crisis control center). In one of the versions, the water level at the observed area decreases and increases at the dam, while in the other version the situation is opposite. The trend difference detection can aid the short-term forecast of the situation change at the monitored area. Results of the applied calculations in OFN notation show that this arithmetic is sensitive to trend differences related to the order characteristic for those numbers. Relationship between the fuzzy logic and the trend of the observed phenomena is an added value to the generalization of OFN and it is also a good signal for the future development of applications of such fuzzy calculations, being their unique feature at the same time.

Quality of Services Method as a DDoS Protection Tool

Presently, one of the main problems of computer networks are Distributed Denial of Service attacks which can block network re- sources like servers. In order to prevent such situations some mecha- nisms are needed. This paper gives an overview of the Quality of Services methods. A DDoS attack model is described for development purposes. In conslusion some new QoS features are presented. According to pre- sented features QoS method could be used as a protection tool against DDoS attack which is also proven in this paper. The ability to implement the proposed QoS features has already been partially tested. Presented results suggest that the method could be applied widely in practice.

A Proposal of the New owlANT Method for Determining the Distance between Terms in Ontology

The article presents the owlANT method, which allows us to associate a collection of short text messages with ontology. The trails were conducted on the collection of communications by Reuters (the so-called second collection). As the methodological base of the method, a swarm intelligence was used, namely the ant colony optimisation. The ants, moving between the ontological nodes [1][2], left their pheromone trace. As a result, some branches of relations - after some time in evolution - were marked more strongly than the others. On the basis of the intensity of the pheromone trace, one can formulate the strength of relations between the various associations, and - indirectly - also between the associated documents. As far as the authors know, no one has so far published research on the application of ACO to the development of similarity measure of text documents with the consideration of their meaning-related embedding in ontology. The authors refer to the work [3][4], in which the ACO was used for aggregation of concepts in ontology; however, both the purpose and the method were different in that case. The research described in the report will be continued to specify the similarity measures taking into consideration the distance in ontology obtained thanks to the evolutionary processing of the meaning of terms with the use of ACO.

Practical Application of OFN Arithmetics in a Crisis Control Center Monitoring

In this paper there is a comparision of fuzzy arithmetic calculations in two different notations. The first is well-known L-R notation proposed by Dubois-Prade. It is well known for the researchers who deal with fuzzy logic. The second if OFN notation. This notation was introduced by Kosinski. The same data was used for comparative calculations using the benchmark “Dam and Crisis control center paradox”. There was an observation of water level at the dam with two trends: when the water level increases and decreases. This could cause the different short-term forecast for mentioned situation. The result which was achieved using two different fuzzy arithmetic showed, that OFN notation is sensitive to the trend differences. The authors showed that it provides an extra value which is a relationship between the fuzzy logic and the trend of the observer phenomena.

New proposed implementation of ABC method to optimization of Water Capsule Flight

The physical model of Water Capsule Flight is relatively simple but analytically unsolvable. The input data includes the mass of the capsule, velocity, altitude, aerodynamic coefficients of the capsule, and horizontal and vertical winds. The ABC optimization is focused on those attributes. This article is a part of the series dedicated to Inspired by Nature Methods of AI and their implementation in the mechatronic systems. A bag filled with water is an excellent source of explosion-produced water spray which can be used for extinguishing large fires or for other purposes. The paper presents theoretical models of flight of a bag filled with water, dropped from an aircraft moving horizontally. Results of numerical computations based on this model are compared with results of measurements for the trajectory of a bag dropped from a helicopter. A description of the experimental and numerical setup for this experiment are also discussed.

A Proposal for a Method of Defuzzification Based on the Golden Ratio—GR

This article presents a proposal for a new method of defuzzification a fuzzy controller, which is based on the concept of the golden ratio, derived from the Fibonacci series [1]. The origin of the method was the observation of numerous instances of the golden ratio in such diverse fields as biology, architecture, medicine, and painting. A particular area of its occurrence is genetics, where we find the golden ratio in the very structure of the DNA molecule [2] (deoxyribonucleic acid molecules are 21 angstroms wide and 34 angstroms long for each full length of one double helix cycle). This fact makes the ratio in the Fibonacci series in some sense a universal design principle used by man and nature alike. In keeping with the requirements, the authors of the present study first explain the essential concepts of fuzzy logic, including in particular the notions of a fuzzy controller and a method of defuzzification. Then, they postulate the use of the golden ratio in the process of defuzzification and call the idea the Golden Ratio (GR) Method. In the subsequent part of the article, the proposed GR-based instrument is compared with the classical methods of defuzzification, including COG, FOM, and LOM. In the final part, the authors carry out numerous calculations and formulate conclusions which serve to classify the proposed method. At the end they present directions of further research.

Optimization of Fuel Consumption in Firefighting Water Capsule Flights of a Helicopter

This article presents a possible use of ABC method for optimization of fuel consumption of helicopter which transport water capsule. There are lot of attibutes of flight e.g. the mass of the capsule, velocity, altitude, aerodynamic coefficients of the capsule, and horizontal and vertical winds. The presented method is focused on mentioned attributes. The problem is very important because helicopters are used in real hughe fire and it will be quite good if the fueal needed for this will be as low as possible. That is why authors presents theoretical models of flight of a bag filled with water which is then dropped from an aircraft moving horizontally. The resulet achived by numerical computations are later compared with the results measured for the trajectory of a capsule of water dropped from a helicopter. There ia also a discussion of the experimental and numerical results achieved in mentioned experiment.

A New Approach to the Equivalence of Relational and Object-Oriented Databases

In the paper the condition for equivalence of problem-oriented databases (DB) models has been formulated. A data segment and problem-focused data manipulation language of database for multi-stage recognition of objects has been characterized. The relational and a corresponding object-oriented models of DB has been described. A few assertions regarding the equivalence of the relational and object DB models for recognition have been proved.

Comparison of two kinds of fuzzy arithmetic, LR and OFN, applied to fuzzy observation of the cofferdam water level

This paper presents certain important aspects of the fuzzy logic extension, one of which is OFN. It includes basic definitions of that discipline. It also compares fuzzy logic arithmetic with the arithmetic of ordered fuzzy numbers in L-R notation. Computational experiments were based on fuzzy observation of the impounding basin. The results of the study show that there is a connection between the order of OFN number and trend of changes in the environment. The experiment was carried out using computer software developed specially for that purpose. When comparing the arithmetic of fuzzy numbers in L-R notation with the arithmetic of ordered fuzzy numbers on the grounds of the experiment, it has been concluded that with fuzzy numbers it is possible to expand the scope of solutions in comparison to fuzzy numbers in classic form. The symbol of OFN flexibility is the possibility to determine the X number that always satisfies the equation A+X=C, regardless of the value of arguments. Operations performed on OFN are less complicated, as they are performed in the same way regardless the sign of the input data and their results are more accurate in the majority of cases. The promising feature of ordered fuzzy numbers is their lack of rapidly growing fuzziness. Authors expect to see implication of that fact in practice in the near future.

Triangular Expanding, A New Defuzzification Method on Ordered Fuzzy Numbers

At the beginning of the article the authors describe a new trend in the artificial intelligence, associated with fuzzy sets and the accompanying derivative solutions which may include L-R numbers by Dubois and Prade. On their basis the redefined theory has started a new trend in the form of ordered fuzzy numbers (OFN). Main features of ordered fuzzy numbers further in this article. Due to the nature of this article, which is related to the proposed defuzzyfication method, the authors mentions a fuzzy controller model and in particular the defuzzyfication process. Criteria used for conventional solutions of fuzzy numbers and ordered fuzzy numbers were also presented. In the further part of the article the defuzzyfication method called Triangular Expanding was presented. The author compared it to the Geometrical Mean method introduced earlier, which inspired his solution. Results of comparison with other methods such as FOM, LOM, COG were presented in the paper as well. The summary including conclusions and directions of further research were provided at the end.