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Dive into the research topics where Wolfgang G. Voelckel is active.

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Featured researches published by Wolfgang G. Voelckel.


Circulation | 1999

Repeated Administration of Vasopressin but Not Epinephrine Maintains Coronary Perfusion Pressure After Early and Late Administration During Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs

Volker Wenzel; Karl H. Lindner; Anette C. Krismer; Egfried A. Miller; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Werner Lingnau

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether repeated dosages of vasopressin or epinephrine given early or late during basic life support cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be able to increase coronary perfusion pressure above a threshold between 20 and 30 mm Hg that renders defibrillation successful. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, followed by 3 minutes of basic life support CPR, 12 animals were randomly assigned to receive, every 5 minutes, either vasopressin (early vasopressin: 0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 U/kg, respectively; n=6) or epinephrine (early epinephrine: 45, 45, and 200 microg/kg, respectively; n=6). Another 12 animals were randomly allocated after 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, followed by 8 minutes of basic life support CPR, to receive, every 5 minutes, either vasopressin (late vasopressin: 0.4 and 0.8 U/kg, respectively; n=6), or epinephrine (late epinephrine: 45 and 200 microg/kg, respectively; n=6). Defibrillation was attempted after 22 minutes of cardiac arrest. Mean+/-SEM coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher 90 seconds after early vasopressin compared with early epinephrine (50+/-4 versus 34+/-3 mm Hg, P<0.02; 42+/-5 versus 15+/-3 mm Hg, P<0.0008; and 37+/-5 versus 11+/-3 mm Hg, P<0. 002, respectively). Mean+/-SEM coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher 90 seconds after late vasopressin compared with late epinephrine (40+/-3 versus 22+/-4 mm Hg, P<0.004, and 32+/-4 versus 15+/-4 mm Hg, P<0.01, respectively). All vasopressin animals survived 60 minutes, whereas no epinephrine pig had return of spontaneous circulation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated administration of vasopressin but only the first epinephrine dose given early and late during basic life support CPR maintained coronary perfusion pressure above the threshold that is needed for successful defibrillation.


Journal of the American College of Cardiology | 2000

Survival with full neurologic recovery and no cerebral pathology after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation with vasopressin in pigs

Volker Wenzel; Karl H. Lindner; Anette C. Krismer; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Michael Schocke; Wolfgang Hund; Markus Witkiewicz; Egfried A. Miller; Günter Klima; Jörg Wissel; Werner Lingnau; F. Aichner

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the effects of vasopressin and saline placebo in comparison with epinephrine on neurologic recovery and possible cerebral pathology in an established porcine model of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). BACKGROUND It is unknown whether increased cerebral blood flow during CPR with vasopressin is beneficial with regard to neurologic recovery or detrimental owing to complications such as cerebral edema after return of spontaneous circulation. METHODS After 4 min of cardiac arrest, followed by 3 min of basic life support CPR, 17 animals were randomly assigned to receive every 5 min either vasopressin (0.4, 0.4 and 0.8 U/kg; n = 6), epinephrine (45, 45 and 200 microg/kg; n = 6) or saline placebo (n = 5). The mean value +/- SEM of aortic diastolic pressure was significantly (p < 0.05) higher 90 s after each of three vasopressin versus epinephrine versus saline placebo injections (60 +/- 3 vs. 45 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 2 mm Hg; 49 +/- 5 vs. 27 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 1 mm Hg; and 50 +/- 6 vs. 21 +/- 3 vs. 16 +/- 3 mm Hg, respectively). After 22 min of cardiac arrest, including 18 min of CPR, defibrillation was attempted to achieve return of spontaneous circulation. RESULTS All the pigs that received epinephrine and saline placebo died, whereas all pigs on vasopressin survived (p < 0.05). Neurologic evaluation 24 h after successful resuscitation revealed only an unsteady gait in all vasopressin-treated animals; after 96 h, magnetic resonance imaging revealed no cerebral pathology. CONCLUSIONS During prolonged CPR, repeated vasopressin administration, but not epinephrine or saline placebo, ensured long-term survival with full neurologic recovery and no cerebral pathology in this porcine CPR model.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 1998

Temporary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of acute traumatic lung injury

Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Volker Wenzel; Michael Rieger; Herwig Antretter; Stephan Padosch; Wolfgang Schobersberger

PurposeTo report two cases of acute life-threatening traumatic lung injury, who required temporary extracorporeal veno-venous membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and airlifting to a level l trauma centre.Clinical featuresThe first patient suffered a severe motor vehicle accident with prolonged entrapment in the wreckage. After extrication, tracheal intubation, and fluid resuscitation, respiratory therapy failed to result in sufficient ventilation and oxygenation within the first hours after trauma due to severe lung contusion and intraparenychmal bleeding.The second patient was hit by a falling tree and suffered isolated blunt chest trauma. Due to pulmonary contusions and tracheal rupture, subsequent ventilation management was limited by extensive mediastinal emphysema. Both patients were airlifted to a University Hospital and placed on ECMO for four and six days without complications, respectively. After emergency surgery and 21 and 26 days intensive care treatment, both patients were transferred to a general ward, and discharged from the hospital with full recovery.ConclusionThese cases demonstrate the role of ECMO in the treatment of traumatic respiratory failure. If ventilatory support strategies fail due to severe lung or airway injury, ECMO may be an option for the temporary management of gas exchange in trauma patients.RésuméObjectifRapporter deux cas d’atteinte pulmonaire traumatique, mettant la vie en danger, qui ont nécessité une oxygénation extracorporelle (OEC) veino-veineuse et un transport aérien vers un centre de traumatologie de premier niveau.Aspects cliniquesLe premier patient a été victime d’un sévère accident d’automobile où il est resté coincé pendant une longue période. Après avoir été dégagé, on a procédé à une intubation endotrachéale et à une réanimation volémique, mais la thérapie respiratoire n’a pu fournir une ventilation et une oxygénation suffisantes pendant les premières heures qui ont suivi le traumatisme à cause des contusions pulmonaires sévères et du saignement intraparenchymateux. Le second patient a été blessé par la chute d’un arbre et a subi un traumatisme thoracique isolé. La présence de contusions pulmonaires et d’une rupture de la trachée a limité le traitement subséquent par ventilation en causant un emphysème médiastinal important. Les deux patients ont été transportés par avion vers un hôpital universitaire et placés sous OEC pendant quatre et six jours respectivement et ce, sans complication. Suivant une chirurgie d’urgence et 21 et 26 jours de traitement à l’unité des soins intensifs, les deux patients ont été déplacés à l’unité des soins généraux et ils ont quitté l’hôpital complètement rétablis.ConclusionCes cas démontrent le rôle de l’OEC dans le traitement d’une défaillance respiratoire traumatique. Si les stratégies de soutien respiratoire ne réussissent pas à cause de lésion sévère des poumons ou des voies aériennes, l’OEC peut se présenter comme un choix de traitement temporaire des échanges gazeux chez les patients victime d’un traumatisme.


Resuscitation | 1996

Unexpected return of cardiac action after termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Gunnar Kroesen

Application of sodium bicarbonate is still an option when resuscitation efforts remain unsuccessful. Despite this, there are no recommendations on how long resuscitation should be performed after administration of this drug. Here we describe a case in which prehospital resuscitation efforts were terminated about 35 min after cardiac arrest. Seven minutes after all efforts had been discontinued, spontaneous sinus rhythm appeared from a zero-line ECG, giving normal hemodynamic values. The underlying reason might be unexpected and unrecognized hyperkalemia, which was diminished by administration of sodium bicarbonate, even under the conditions of cardiocirculatory arrest.


Anaesthesist | 2002

Der Einsatz von Arginin Vasopressin bei der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation Eine Analyse der experimentellen und klinischen Erfahrungen sowie ein Ausblick in die Zukunft

Volker Wenzel; Anette C. Krismer; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Viktoria D. Mayr; Claus Raedler; Hans U. Strohmenger; Karl H. Lindner

ZusammenfassungNutzen und Risiko von Adrenalin bei der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation (CPR) wird kontrovers diskutiert. Tierexperimentelle Studien konnten β-Rezeptor vermittelte Nebenwirkungen von Adrenalin bei der CPR wie einen erhöhten myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauch, ventrikuläre Rhythmusstörungen, Ventilations-Perfusions-Störungen sowie Herzversagen in der Postreanimationsphase nachweisen. In klinischen Studien konnte mit einer hochdosierten vs. einer normaldosierten Adrenalintherapie kein besseres Reanimationsergebnis erzielt werden. Endogenes Arginin Vasopressin (AVP) war bei reanimationspflichtigen Patienten stark erhöht; es fanden sich bei Überlebenden höhere AVP-Spiegel als bei Patienten, die erfolglos reanimiert worden waren. Dies könnte darauf hinweisen, dass der menschliche Organismus in akut lebensbedrohlichen Situationen AVP als zusätzlichen endogenen Vasopressor zu Katecholaminen ausschüttet, um die kardiozirkulatorische Homöostase aufrecht zu erhalten. In verschiedenen CPR-Modellen konnte mit AVP statt mit Adrenalin ein höherer Blutfluss in Herz und Gehirn, zerebrale Sauerstoffversorgung, koronarer Perfusionsdruck, Kurzzeitüberleben, und Langzeitüberleben gezeigt werden. Bei einer wiederholten Injektion während einer prolongierten CPR konnte nur mit AVP, nicht aber mit Adrenalin der koronare Perfusionsdruck auf einem Niveau gehalten werden, das mit der Wiederherstellung eines Spontankreislaufs korreliert. Weiterhin kann AVP in der intravenösen Dosis erfolgreich endobronchial und intraossär appliziert werden. AVP verursacht nach einer Bolusinjektion während der CPR in der Postreanimationsphase kurzzeitig eine Hypoperfusion im Splanchnikusgebiet und eine Erhöhung des totalen peripheren Widerstands, was aber spontan rückläufig war; ebenso wurde keine Oligoanurie beobachtet. In klinischen Fallstudien wurde bei prolongierter CPR mit AVP ein Anstieg des koronaren Perfusionsdrucks und eine höhere Chance, einen Spontankreislauf wiederherzustellen, gefunden. In zwei klinischen Studien wurde mit AVP statt mit Adrenalin ein besseres 24-h-Überleben (außerklinische CPR) sowie vergleichbare CPR-Ergebnisse bei der innerklinischen CPR gezeigt. Die neuen CPR-Richtlinien der American Heart Association und des European Resuscitation Council teilen CPR Intervention in Klassen ein [Klasse 1 (definitiv empfohlen), Klasse 2A (Intervention der Wahl), Klasse 2B (alternative Intervention), Klasse X (neutral), oder Klasse 3 (nicht empfohlen)]. Für die CPR von erwachsenen Patienten mit Kammerflimmern werden 40 Einheiten AVP gleichberechtigt mit 1 mg Adrenalin empfohlen (Klasse 2B); Patienten mit Asystolie oder pulsloser elektrischer Aktivität sollten mit Adrenalin reanimiert werden. Für eine Erweiterung der Indikation von AVP auf Patienten mit Asystolie und pulsloser elektrischer Aktivität sowie auf die besondere Patientengruppe der Kinder fehlen derzeit noch klinische Daten. Bis zur endgültigen Klärung der Effekte von AVP und Adrenalin sollten die Erkenntnisse so interpretiert werden, dass bei der CPR zwei statt einem Vasopressor zur Verfügung stehen.AbstractThe risks and benefits of epinephrine given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are controversially discussed. Animal experiments revealed β-receptor-mediated adverse effects of epinephrine such as increased myocardial oxygen consumption, ventricular arrhythmia, ventilation-perfusion defects, and cardiac failure in the postresuscitation phase. In clinical studies, high-dose vs. standard-dose epinephrine was unable to improve resuscitation success. During CPR in patients, endogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were increased and surviving vs. non-surviving patients had significantly higher AVP levels. This may indicate that the human body discharges AVP during life-threatening situations as an additional vasopressor to catecholamines in order to maintain cardiocirculatory homeostasis. In different experimental CPR models, AVP compared with epinephrine given during CPR significantly improved vital organ blood flow, coronary perfusion pressure, resuscitability, and long-term survival. During prolonged CPR with repeated drug administration, AVP but not epinephrine maintained coronary perfusion pressure on a level that ensured return of spontaneous circulation. Also, AVP can be administered successfully in the intravenous dose into the endobronchial tree, and also intraosseously. When given during CPR, AVP induces a transient splanchnic hypoperfusion, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance, both of which normalized spontaneously; furthermore, an oligo-anuric state was not observed. In two clinical studies, AVP vs. epinephrine improved 24-h survival during out-of-hospital CPR, and comparable CPR outcome during in-hospital CPR. The new CPR guidelines of both the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council assign a given CPR intervention into classes of recommendation [class 1 (definitely recommended), class 2 A (intervention of choice), class 2B (alternative intervention), class X (neutral), or class 3 (not recommended)]. For CPR of adults with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation, 40 units AVP or 1 mg epinephrine is recommended (class 2B); patients with asystole or pulseless electrical activity should be resuscitated with epinephrine. AVP is not recommended for adult cardiac arrest patients with asystole or pulseless electrical activity; or pediatric cardiac arrest patients due to a lack of clinical data. Until definitive data about AVP vs. epinephrine effects during CPR are available, the present state of knowledge should be interpreted that two vasopressors are available for use instead of one.


Anaesthesist | 2001

Die neuen internationalen Richtlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation Eine Analyse und Kommentierung der wichtigsten Änderungen

Volker Wenzel; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Anette C. Krismer; Viktoria D. Mayr; Hans U. Strohmenger; Michael Baubin; Horst G. Wagner-Berger; Angelika Stallinger; Karl H. Lindner

ZusammenfassungEnde August 2000 haben die American Heart Association und das European Resuscitation Council gemeinsam die internationalen Richtlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation (CPR) veröffentlicht; das Ergebnis sind CPR-Richtlinien, die gleichzeitig ein umfassendes Nachschlagewerk darstellen. Die Diskussion und erste Entwürfe begann in einer Konferenz in Dallas, Texas/USA im März 1999 sowie danach in einer zweiten Konferenz im September 1999 (jeweils ∼250 Teilnehmer), und schließlich einer dritten Konferenz im Februar 2000 (∼500 Teilnehmer). Eine genaue Durchsicht der aktuellen Literatur, Diskussionen, und Übereinstimmung erfolgten danach per e-mail, Konferenzschaltungen, Facsimile, und persönliche Treffen. Während dem gesamten Prozess waren Wissenschaftler und Wiederbelebungsgesellschaften aus aller Welt beteiligt; wobei Teilnehmer aus den USA etwa 60%, und Teilnehmer von außerhalb der USA etwa 40% ausmachten. Um ein Übergewicht eines Landes oder einer Wiederbelebungsgesellschaft zu vermeiden, wurden alle Themen von jeweils zwei Wissenschaftlern aus den USA und von außerhalb der USA untersucht und bewertet. Auf diese Weise kann man sagen, dass Änderungen in den neuen CPR Richtlinien anhand dieses “evidence-based” Konzepts durch Experten aus aller Welt getragen werden. Die wichtigsten Änderungen der Empfehlungen nach Einschätzung der Autoren sind die Abschaffung des Pulschecks für Laien, 500 ml statt 800–1.200 ml Beatmungszugvolumina bei der Maskenbeatmung (FiO2 >0,4) eines Patienten mit ungesichertem Luftweg, Verifizierung einer endotrachealen Intubation durch Kapnometrie und einen Ösophagusdetektor, Einsatz mechanischer Hilfsmittel wie interponierter abdominaler Kompressions-CPR, Westen CPR, aktiver-Kompressions-Dekompresions CPR, und der “inspiratory threshold valve” (ITV) CPR als Alternativen bzw. Ergänzung zur manuellen Thoraxkompression, die Defibrillation mit <200 Joule biphasischen statt mit 200–360 Joule monophasischen Impulsen, Injektion von Vasopressin (40 Einheiten) und Adrenalin (1 mg) als vergleichbar wirksame Medikamente bei Herzkammerflimmern, Amiodaron (300 mg) bei refraktärem Kammerflimmern und pulsloser Kammertachykardie, sowie intravenöse Lyse beim Schlaganfall.AbstractIn August 2000, the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council published the conclusions of the International Guidelines 2000 Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care which contains both the new recommendations and an in-depth review. The discussions and drafting began at a conference in March 1999, followed by a second conference in September 1999, both attended by approx. 250 participants and another conference in February 2000 which was attended by approx. 500 participants. Review of the current state of science, discussion and final consensus continued subsequently via email, conference calls, fax, and personal conversation. During the entire process, scientists and resuscitation councils from all over the world participated, with participants from the United States comprising approx.60%, and scientists from outside of the United States comprising approx. 40%. In order to ensure that the CPR recomendations are not dominated by any given nation or resuscitation council, most topics were reviewed and interpretated by two scientists from the United States and two scientists from outside of the United States. Accordingly, changes in these new CPR recommendations are the result of an evidence-based review by worldwide experts. The most important changes in the recommendations according to the authors are discontinuation of the pulse-check for lay people, 500 ml instead of 800–1200 ml tidal volume during bag-valve-mask ventilation (FiO2 >0.4) of a patient with an unprotected airway, verifying correct endotracheal intubation with capnography and an esophageal detector, employing mechanical devices such as interposed abdominal compression CPR, vest CPR, active-compression-decompression CPR, and the inspiratory threshold valve (ITV) CPR as alternatives or adjuncts to standard manual chest compressions, defibrillation with <200 Joule biphasic instead of with 200–360 Joule monophasic impulses, vasopressin (40 units) and epinephrine (1 mg) as comparable drugs to treat patients with ventricular fibrillation, amiodarone (300 mg) for shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation and intravenous lysis for patients who have suffered a stroke.


Resuscitation | 2003

Effects of vasopressin on adrenal gland regional perfusion during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Anette C. Krismer; Volker Wenzel; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Karl-Heinz Stadlbauer; Horst G. Wagner-Berger; Andreas Schaefer; Karl H. Lindner

OBJECTIVE Despite the important role of the adrenal gland during cardiac arrest, little is known about changes in the adrenal medullary or cortical blood flow in this setting. This study was designed to assess regional adrenal gland perfusion in the medulla and cortex during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and after administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) versus vasopressin versus saline placebo. METHODS After 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, and 3 min of basic life support CPR, 19 animals were randomly assigned to receive either vasopressin (0.4 U/kg; n=7), adrenaline (45 microg/kg; n=6) or saline placebo (n=6), respectively. Haemodynamic variables, adrenal, and renal blood flow were measured after 90 s of CPR, and 90 s and 5 min after drug administration. RESULTS All values are given as mean+/-S.E.M. Blood flow in the adrenal medulla was significantly higher 90 s after adrenaline when compared with saline placebo in the right adrenal medulla (210+/-14 vs. 102+/-5 ml/min per 100 mg), and in the left adrenal medulla (218+/-14 vs. 96+/-3 ml/min per 100 mg). Blood flow in the adrenal medulla was significantly higher 90 s and 5 min after vasopressin when compared with adrenaline in the right (326+/-22 mg vs. 210+/-14 ml/min per 100 mg, and 297+/-17 vs. 103+/-5 ml/min per 100 mg), and in the left medulla (333+/-25 vs. 218+/-14 ml/min per 100 mg, and 295+/-14 vs. 111+/-7 ml/min per 100 mg). Ninety seconds and five minutes after vasopressin, and 90 s after adrenaline, adrenal cortex blood flow was significantly higher when compared with saline placebo. After 12 min of cardiac arrest, including 8 min of CPR, seven of seven pigs in the vasopressin group, one of six pigs in the adrenaline group, but none of six placebo were successfully defibrillated. CONCLUSION Both vasopressin and adrenaline produced significantly higher medullary and cortical adrenal gland perfusion during CPR than did a saline placebo; but vasopressin resulted in significantly higher medullary adrenal gland blood flow when compared with adrenaline.


Resuscitation | 2000

Excellent coronary perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not good enough to ensure long-term survival with good neurologic outcome: a porcine case report

Birgit Enna; Volker Wenzel; Michael Schocke; Anette C. Krismer; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Günter Klima; Stephan Felber; Kristian Pfaller; Karl H. Lindner

PURPOSE To report a case of cerebral ischemia confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) complicated by acute respiratory injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 4 min of cardiac arrest, followed by 3 min of basic life support CPR, a female pig weighing 38 kg received every 5 min vasopressin (0.4, 0.4 and 0.8 U/kg). After 22 min of cardiac arrest, including 18 min of CPR, one defibrillation attempt employing 100 J resulted in return of spontaneous circulation. Neurological evaluation was performed 24 and 96 h after successful CPR. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out 4 days after CPR using a clinical 1.5 T scanner. The magnetic resonance imaging protocol consisted of fast spinecho T2-weighted, as well as spinecho T1-weighted imaging of the brain. RESULTS CPR with vasopressin resulted in excellent coronary perfusion pressure ranging between 35 and 60 mm Hg throughout CPR. Eight minutes after initiation of chest compressions, bleeding out of the tracheal tube occurred. This was later confirmed as originating from bilateral bloody pulmonary infiltrations, resulting in acute respiratory injury in the post-resuscitation phase. Ninety-six hours after successful CPR, magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral diffuse cerebral vasogenic edema. CONCLUSION Although excellent coronary perfusion pressure renders a return of spontaneous circulation more likely, complications such as acute respiratory injury in the post-resuscitation phase have to be managed carefully in order to ensure good neurological recovery from cardiac arrest.


Notfall & Rettungsmedizin | 2001

Die neuen internationalen Richtlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation

Volker Wenzel; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Anette C. Krismer; Viktoria D. Mayr; H.-U. Strohmenger; Michael Baubin; H. Wagner-Berger; A. Stallinger; Karl H. Lindner

ZusammenfassungEnde August 2000 haben die American Heart Association und das European Resuscitation Council gemeinsam die internationalen Richtlinien zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation (CPR) veröffentlicht; das Ergebnis sind CPR-Richtlinien, die gleichzeitig ein umfassendes Nachschlagewerk darstellen. Die Diskussion und erste Entwürfe begann in einer Konferenz in Dallas, Texas/USA im März 1999 sowie danach in einer zweiten Konferenz im September 1999 (jeweils ∼:250 Teilnehmer), und schließlich einer dritten Konferenz im Februar 2000 (∼500 Teilnehmer). Eine genaue Durchsicht der aktuellen Literatur, Diskussionen, und Übereinstimmung erfolgten danach per e-mail, Konferenzschaltungen, Facsimile, und persönliche Treffen. Während dem gesamten Prozess waren Wissenschaftler und Wiederbelebungsgesellschaften aus aller Welt beteiligt; wobei Teilnehmer aus den USA etwa 60%, und Teilnehmer von außerhalb der USA etwa 40% ausmachten. Um ein Übergewicht eines Landes oder einer Wiederbelebungsgesellschaft zu vermeiden, wurden alle Themen von jeweils zwei Wissenschaftlern aus den USA und von außerhalb der USA untersucht und bewertet. Auf diese Weise kann man sagen, dass Änderungen in den neuen CPR Richtlinien anhand dieses “evidence-based” Konzepts durch Experten aus aller Welt getragen werden. Die wichtigsten Änderungen der Empfehlungen nach Einschätzung der Autoren sind die Abschaffung des Pulschecks für Laien, 500 ml statt 800–1.200 ml Beatmungszugvolumina bei der Maskenbeatmung (FiO2 >0,4) eines Patienten mit ungesichertem Luftweg, Verifizierung einer endotrachealen Intubation durch Kapnometrie und einen Ösophagusdetektor, Einsatz mechanischer Hilfsmittel wie interponierter abdominaler Kompressions-CPR, Westen CPR, aktiver-Kompressions-Dekompresions CPR, und der “inspiratory threshold valve” (ITV) CPR als Alternativen bzw. Ergänzung zur manuellen Thoraxkompression, die Defibrillation mit <200 Joule biphasischen statt mit 200–360 Joule monophasischen Impulsen, Injektion von Vasopressin (40 Einheiten) und Adrenalin (1 mg) als vergleichbar wirksame Medikamente bei Herzkammerflimmern, Amiodaron (300 mg) bei refraktärem Kammerflimmern und pulsloser Kammertachykardie, sowie intravenöse Lyse beim Schlaganfall.AbstractIn August 2000, the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council published the conclusions of the International Guidelines 2000 Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care which contains both the new recommendations and an in-depth review. The discussions and drafting began at a conference in March 1999, followed by a second conference in September 1999, both attended by approx. 250 participants and another conference in February 2000 which was attended by approx. 500 participants. Review of the current state of science, discussion and final consensus continued subsequently via email, conference calls, fax, and personal conversation. During the entire process, scientists and resuscitation councils from all over the world participated, with participants from the United States comprising approx.60%, and scientists from outside of the United States comprising approx. 40%. In order to ensure that the CPR recomendations are not dominated by any given nation or resuscitation council, most topics were reviewed and interpretated by two scientists from the United States and two scientists from outside of the United States. Accordingly, changes in these new CPR recommendations are the result of an evidence-based review by worldwide experts. The most important changes in the recommendations according to the authors are discontinuation of the pulse-check for lay people, 500 ml instead of 800–1200 ml tidal volume during bag-valve-mask ventilation (FiO2 >0.4) of a patient with an unprotected airway, verifying correct endotracheal intubation with capnography and an esophageal detector, employing mechanical devices such as interposed abdominal compression CPR, vest CPR, active-compression-decompression CPR, and the inspiratory threshold valve (ITV) CPR as alternatives or adjuncts to standard manual chest compressions, defibrillation with <200 Joule biphasic instead of with 200–360 Joule monophasic impulses, vasopressin (40 units) and epinephrine (1 mg) as comparable drugs to treat patients with ventricular fibrillation, amiodarone (300 mg) for shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation and intravenous lysis for patients who have suffered a stroke.


Anaesthesist | 2007

[Vasopressin for therapy of persistent traumatic hemorrhagic shock: The VITRIS.at study].

Lienhart Hg; Wenzel; Braun J; Dörges; Martin W. Dünser; Gries A; Walter R. Hasibeder; M. Helm; Rolf Lefering; Th. Schlechtriemen; Helmut Trimmel; Hanno Ulmer; Wolfgang Ummenhofer; Wolfgang G. Voelckel; Christian Waydhas; Karl H. Lindner

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Karl H. Lindner

Innsbruck Medical University

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Volker Wenzel

Innsbruck Medical University

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Viktoria D. Mayr

Innsbruck Medical University

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Hanno Ulmer

Innsbruck Medical University

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Martin W. Dünser

Johannes Kepler University of Linz

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Michael Baubin

Innsbruck Medical University

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