Won-Chull Bak

Cultivation Characteristics of Sparassis crispa Strains Using Sawdust Medium of Larix kaempferi

Cultivation characteristics of 12 strains of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) collected in Korea were investigated by growing the mushroom on sawdust medium of Larix kaempferi. As cultivation characteristics, incubation period for full growth of mycelium in a cultivation bottle, cultivation time period taken for first harvest, and mushroom color and yield were examined. S. crispa KFRI 723 showed the shortest for incubation period with 59 days while S. crispa KFRI 746 showed the longest with 94 days. The earliest mushroom harvesting was achieved by 29 days from S. crispa KFRI 746 and the latest was by 63 days from S. crispa KFRI 691. The colors of fruit body of the tested strains can be divided into three groups; S. crispa KFRI 700 was white, S. crispa KFRI 747 was yellow brown, and the others were light yellowish. KFRI 700 yielded the most as 163 g from 380 g sawdust media, while KFRI 746 and KFRI 747 were the lowest with 58 g and 35 g, respectively. As results of cultivation characteristics of 12 strains of cauliflower mushroom, we consider that three strains (KFRI 700, 723 and 724) of S. crispa are suitable for sawdust cultivation on L. kaempferi in the aspects of mycelial growth period, harvesting period and mushroom production, respectively.

Characteristics of Newly Bred Shiitake Strain "Chunbaegko"

New Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) strain “Chunbaegko” was bred by Di-mon method. Bed-log cultivation of “Chunbaegko” was performed. Fruit-body production of “Chunbaegko” was most at spring and autumn. Optimal temperature of fruit-body formation was 14~22oC Baegwhako, the best quality fruit-body, is produced during spring. The diameter of pileus is ca. 52 mm. The total amount of fruit-body production during 4 years(one generation) was 140 kg/m3 log.

Microsatellite markers for population-genetic studies of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) strains

In order to analyze the genotyping of shiitake (Lentinula edodes, Berk.), one of commercially and widely grown edible mushrooms, we examined group of total 89 strains that are registered in Korea, Japan, and China respectively, using five microsatellite markers (Led A2, Led A8, Led B2, Led B6, and Led D6) registered in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). After we prepared synthesis of primers modified with 5′-FAM fluorescent dye and conducted PCR program, we obtained reasonable products. And then we performed microsatellite genotyping analysis using an ABI 3730xl Genetic Analyzer. According to genotyping analysis, the number of alleles of each microsatellite marker ranged from 5 to 14 with the average value of 8.2. The expected and the observed heterozygosity over all microsatellite ranged from 0.27–0.83 and 0.14–0.61. Among 5 microsatellite markers PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values of Led A8, Led D6, and Led B6 resulted 0.82, 0.60, and 0.57 respectively. We observed that these values showed relatively high values discriminating from other values of microsatellite marker. The average of total values of Led A8, Led D6, and Led B6 came out 0.53 as result, which is higher than 0.5. As a result, this average can be subject to significant value to be used as marker. By using microsatellite marker we can analogically establish population relationships among shiitake (L. edodes) strains grown in East Asian region, develop new varieties, and propose discriminative criteria for different breeding and variety classification. Moreover, microsatellite markers enable us to obtain the genetic inheritance and information that can be used for protection of intellectual property rights.

Log Cultivation of the Birch Fungus Piptoporus betulinus using Betula davurica

A birch fungus, Piptoporus betulinus, is judged the mushroom with economical value that produces the fruiting body on Betula trees, but the mushroom rarely occurs in Korean birch forest. So, the fungus was applied to log cultivation for the production of fruiting body on Betula davurica. The fungus produce the fruiting bodies in the early August of the next year after inoculation in April and its mushroom matured in October. The mushroom produced 212 g to 1,298 g fresh weight in one or two mushrooms per a log. Thus, it is considered that log cultivation of the fungus has a potential to mass production of fruiting body and is expected to introduce to more researches to develop the use of this mushroom.

Selection of Ectomycorrhizal Isolates of Tricholoma matsutake and T. magnivelare for Inoculation on Seedlings of Pinus densiflora In Vitro

We inoculated hypal suspension of Tricholoma matsutake and T. magnivelare were examined on Pinus densiflora seedlings grown in a granite soil substrate with 1/2 PDMP (12 g/l potato dextrose broth, 1.5 g/l malt extract, and 0.5 g/l peptone) medium. Four months after inoculation, the pine seedlings were examined for infection rate, matsutake aroma, and Hartig-net formation. The roots of pine seedling formed ectomycorrhizal roots in the 9 isolates from 12 isolates of T. matsutake and T. magnivelare. However, the seedlings showed different ectomycorrhizae forming rates among the 9 isolates. While matsutake aroma was confirmed from the ectomycorrhizal seedlings, the pine seedling contaminated by bacteria or fungi did not form matsutake ectomycorrhizae with sickening smell. Thus, the aroma was chosen as a good way for the verification of mycorrhizal infection. At the early stage, the mycorrhizal roots showed unramified and branched types without root hair. They also showed thin mantle layers, Hartig-nets, and turned into black color at later stage. Among the examined strains, that of Yecheon isolated in 1995 showed the best infection rate, which indicated that we need to pay attention to the selection of isolates for better result.

Artificial Inoculation of Inonotus obliquus on Betula platyphylla var. japonica

Inonotus obliquus could be isolated from Betula platyphylla var. japonica with diameter in the range of 613 cm that artificially inoculated by the fungus. The diameter and/or inoculation point of tree did not show any significant relationships with the infection rate of the fungus. Inonotus obliquus showed rapid growth on vertical direction of the infected tree while the growth was quite low on radial direction. The isolated fungus from the infected tree did not show vegetative incompatibility with the original fungus used for inoculation. We could isolate 8 contaminants from the inoculated area; Trichoderma reesei, T. atroviride, Cryptococcus neoformans, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp. and 3 unknown species.

Breeding and Screening of Lentinula edodes Strains Resistant to Trichoderma spp.

Trichoderma spp. cause large crop losses of the cultivated shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes. We bred several shiitake strains that are resistant to Trichoderma spp. using di-mon mating to establish a useful method for controlling the greenmold disease. We examined the competitive ability of L. edodes against Trichoderma spp. using a dual culture system to select resistant strains. By screening Trichoderma-resistant strains, we found that among 11 parental strains, 4 strains, including KFRI 36, were confirmed resistant strains. They showed especially strong resistance to T. harzianum, which formed deadlock after mycelial contact and then invaded into the territory of T. harzianum. KFRI 171 also showed resistance to T. atroviride strains. Among 13 strains, which were made by hybridization of shiitake strains, 5 were confirmed to be resistant to Trichoderma, including KFRI 58–1. Their resistance was not correlated to the resistant activity of their parents’ strains. Two strains lose resistance and two strains acquire resistance compared to their parents’ strains. In SEM observation, the mycelium of L. edodes at the interaction zone of Lentinula-Trichoderma was rugged and swollen by T. harzianum.

Control of Diatrype stigma Occurred on the Bed-log of Shiitake Using Wood Vinegar, Plant Extracts and Fungicides

목초액, 잣나무추출물, 후추열매추출물 및 살균제를 이용해서 표고 골목에 발생하는 주홍꼬리버섯을 방제하고자 하였다. 식물추출물 선발시험결과, 목초액 35,000 ppm에서 균사생장이 완전히 억제되었고 25,000 ppm에서 자낭포자의 발아가 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 잣나무추출물 200 ppm과 후추열매추출물 1,000 ppm에서 각각 98.9%와 95.9%의 자낭포자발아억제율을 보였다. 살균제 선발시험 결과, benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole 등의 최소억제농도(MIC)는

Fairy Ring Growth of Tricholoma matsutake in 65-year-old Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest Stand

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Cultural Characteristics of New Cultivar of Lentinula edodes, Poongnyunko

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