Woon Jung Kwon

Inflammatory Pseudotumor (Myoblastic Tumor) of the Genitourinary Tract

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe imaging features of the following genitourinary tract locations that can involve inflammatory pseudotumor: kidney, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum or pelvis, bladder, and other rare locations. CONCLUSION Although definite radiologic differentiation from malignancy is not clearly possible, we suggest that familiarity with the manifestations of inflammatory pseudotumor can help avoid unnecessary radical surgery before histopathologic proof of malignancy is obtained.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: US and CT findings in three patients

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare disorder. We examined two females and one male with multiple soft-tissue masses in the abdominal wall. One of these three patients also had soft-tissue masses in the right thigh and right buttock. The histologic diagnosis was revealed as SPTCL in all three cases. The ultrasound (US) findings in two of these cases were diffuse, ill-defined hyperechoic areas with a linear vascular signal. The findings of the abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scanning with contrast enhancement were multiple enhancing nodules with an infiltrative pattern of peripheral subcutaneous fat layer in all three cases. We report US and CT findings of SPTCL in these three patients.

Intermittent Sonographic Guidance in Air Enemas for Reduction of Childhood Intussusception

Objective. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the value of intermittent sonographic guidance in nonsurgical air reduction of childhood intussusception. Methods. The study group included 86 consecutive childhood intussusceptions confirmed on sonography for which we designed an air enema. With intermittent sonographic guidance of our own method, air was gradually injected to the initial intracolonic pressure of 60 mm Hg, which we attempted for 30 seconds on the initial attempt. If the air enema reduction attempts were not successful at a given pressure setting, we repeated the technique at each pressure setting upgraded by increments of 20 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg. Surgery was performed when even repeated reduction attempts at the maximum intracolonic pressure of 120 mm Hg were unsuccessful. We calculated the successful reduction rate for the intussusceptions at each pressure setting. Results. The overall success rate of sonographically guided air enema reductions was 95% (82/86). The success rates of air enema reductions at 60, 80, 100, and 120 mm Hg showed progressive increases of 53% (42/86), 67% (58/86), 78% (67/86), and 95% (82/86), respectively, with no immediate recurrence and no gross perforation. Conclusions. The use of intermittent sonographic guidance in air enemas is thought to help safely increase successful reductions of childhood intussusception even with sufficient air enema attempts.

Thoracic Splenosis: A Case Report and the Importance of Clinical History

We present a case of thoracic splenosis in a 42-yr-old man with a medical history of abdominal surgery for a penetration injury with an iron bar of the left abdomen and back. He had been in good condition, but a chest radiograph taken during a regular checkup showed a multinodular left pleura-based mass. Computed tomography (CT) showed that the mass was well-enhanced and homogeneous, indicating a sclerosing hemangioma. Following its removal by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the mass appeared similar to a hemangioma, with marked adhesion to the left side diaphragmatic pleura and lung parenchyma. Frozen section showed that the lesion was a solid mass consisted with abundant lymphoid cells, suggesting a low grade lymphoma. On permanent section, however, the mass was found to be composed of white pulp, red pulp, a thick capsule and trabeculae and was diagnosed as ectopic splenic tissue, or thoracic splenosis. Review of the patients history and chest CT at admission revealed that the patient had undergone a splenectomy for the penetration injury 20 yr previously.

Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Breast

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELCs) are tumors that have similar histopathologic features to those of nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma, and they occur in different organs outside the nasopharynx, such as the stomach, lung, salivary gland, larynx, thyroid, and uterine cervix. 1 Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare and is a newly recognized subtype of breast carcinoma. 2 It has an infiltrating pattern similar to that of lobular carcinoma. 3,4 To the best of our knowledge, no case of LELC of the breast has been described in the radiology literature. We therefore report a case of LELC of the breast as well as the radiologic and histologic findings and a literature review.

A Case Report: Cavitary Infarction Caused by Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Patient with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm

Pulmonary tumor embolism is commonly discovered at autopsy, but is rarely suspected ante-mortem. Microangiopathy is an uncommon and distinct form of simple tumor pulmonary embolism. Here, we present a 52-year-old male with tumor thrombotic microangiopathy and pulmonary infarction, which might have originated from intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. Multiple wedge-shaped consolidations were found initially and aggravated with cavitation. These CT features of pulmonary infarction were pathologically confirmed to result from pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy.

Prospective phase II trial of a combination of gemcitabine and UFT as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND The standard regimen in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still uncertain. Gemcitabine is one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of NSCLC, and several phase II trials specifically designed for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC have confirmed the role of gemcitabine in this setting. In addition, oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) was associated with a survival advantage in the adjuvant setting. Therefore, we performed a phase II study using the combination of gemcitabine and UFT as first-line therapy in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS Chemotherapy-naïve, elderly (≥ 70 years) patients who had histologically or cytologically confirmed with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with a performance status of 1-2 were enrolled. Patients received gemcitabine (1250 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, respectively) and UFT (400mg/day on days 1-14) every 3 weeks for up to four cycles. Patients who had not progressed after four cycles continued UFT monotherapy until progression. Primary endpoint was overall response rate and secondary endpoints were overall survival, time to progression and safety profiles. RESULTS Between March 2008 and November 2010, 48 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74.5 years (range: 70-84 years), and there were 29 males. The performance status was 1 in 41 and 2 in 7 patients. Thirty-one (64.6%) patients were stage IV and seventeen (35.4%) patients were stage IIIB. Thirty patients (62.5%) completed four cycles of chemotherapy. Response was evaluated in 44 patients. Partial response was achieved in twelve (25.0%) patients and stable disease in 23 (47.9%) patients. Disease control rate was 72.9%. The median survival time was 6.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]; 5.1-7.0 months), the 1-year survival rate was 29.1% and the median time to progression was 4.6 months (95% CI; 3.7-5.5 months). Toxicities were mild and mostly hematological adverse events. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 8.3% of patients and one patients experienced febrile neutropenia. Grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 2.1% and 2.1% of patients, respectively. Non-hematological toxicities were tolerable. CONCLUSIONS The combination of gemcitabine and UFT was effective in disease control and well tolerated first-line regimen in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.

Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast Involving the Nipple- Areolar Complex

Primary neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas of the breast are tumors that have morphologic features similar to those of NE tumors of both the gastrointestinal tract and the lung. They express NE markers in more than 50% of the cell population. 1 Although NE carcinomas can develop in many sites of the body, primary NE carcinomas of the breast are very rare, and to our knowledge, no case described in the radiologic literature has involved the nipple-areolar complex. We present our experience with a primary NE carcinoma of the breast involving the nipple-areolar complex and also describe the radiologic and histologic findings.

Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cysts : Demonstration of Fluid-Fluid Level in Bronchoscopic US Imaging.

We report the findings for 2 patients with a fluid-fluid level seen on endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) images of bronchogenic cysts. The EBUS images demonstrated a well-circumscribed cyst with a fluid-fluid level showing an anechoic upper part and a relatively hyperechoic lower part. A fluid-fluid level on EBUS imaging of a bronchogenic cyst, which can help confirm the cystic nature of the lesion, has not been previously reported. EBUS-based confirmation of these cysts using fluid-fluid levels may help avoid unnecessary aspiration of the lesions.

Radiation Dose Reduction in Paranasal Sinus CT With Feasibility of Iterative Reconstruction Technique

Objectives To (1) compare the radiation dose of low-dose computed tomography (CT) to that of standard-dose CT, (2) determine the minimum optimal radiation dose for use in patients who need endoscopic sinus surgery, and (3) assess the reliability of iterative model reconstruction. Study Design Prospective single-institution study. Setting Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods We recruited 48 adults with medically refractory sinusitis. Each patient underwent 4 scans with different CT parameters: 120 kV and 100 mAs (standard dose), 100 kV and 40 mAs (low dose), 100 kV and 20 mAs (very low dose), and 100 kV and 10 mAs (ultra-low dose). All CT scans were reconstructed via filtered back-projection, and ultra-low dose scans were additionally reconstructed through iterative model reconstruction. Radiation dose, image quality, and diagnostic performance were compared among the scans. Results Radiation doses decreased to 6% (ultra-low dose), 12% (very low dose), and 22% (low dose) of the standard-dose CT. The image quality of low-dose CT was similar to that of standard-dose CT. Ultra-low-dose CT with iterative model reconstruction was inferior to standard-dose CT for identifying anatomic structures, except for the optic nerve. All CT scans had 100% agreement for diagnosing rhinosinusitis. Conclusions With low-dose CT, the radiation dose can be decreased to 22% of that of standard-dose CT without affecting the image quality. Low-dose CT can be considered the minimum optimal radiation for patients who need surgery. Iterative model reconstruction is not useful for assessing the anatomic details of the paranasal sinus on CT.