Wrenetha Julion

Parent Training of Toddlers in Day Care in Low-Income Urban Communities

The authors tested a 12-week parent training program with parents (n = 208) and teachers (n = 77) of 2-3-year-olds in day care centers serving low-income families of color in Chicago. Eleven centers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (a) parent and teacher training (PT + TT), (b) parent training (PT), (c) teacher training (TT), and (d) waiting list control (C). After controlling for parent stress, PT and PT + TT parents reported higher self-efficacy and less coercive discipline and were observed to have more positive behaviors than C and TT parents. Among toddlers in high-risk behavior problem groups, toddlers in the experimental conditions showed greater improvement than controls. Most effects were retained 1 year later. Benefits were greatest when parents directly received training.

The Chicago Parent Program: Comparing 1-Year Outcomes for African American and Latino Parents of Young Children

Data were merged from two prevention randomized trials testing 1-year outcomes of a parenting skills program, the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) and comparing its effects for African-American (n = 291) versus Latino (n = 213) parents and their preschool children. Compared to controls, intervention parents had improved self-efficacy, used less corporal punishment and more consistent discipline, and demonstrated more positive parenting. Intervention children had greater reductions in behavior problems based on parent-report, teacher-report, and observation. Although improvements from the CPP were evident for parents in both racial/ethnic groups, Latino parents reported greater improvements in their childrens behavior and in parenting self-efficacy but exhibited greater decreases in praise. Findings support the efficacy of the CPP for African American and Latino parents and young children from low-income urban communities.

Promoting Mental Health in Early Childhood Programs Serving Families From Low-income Neighborhoods

Although the majority of young children growing up in low-income communities will not experience mental health problems, a proportion of children will develop problems that can be painful for families and costly to society. There is growing consensus that preventive interventions in the first 5 years of life are the most cost-effective strategy for reducing childrens mental health problems. The purposes of this article are to (a) present the case for providing health promotion and preventive interventions to economically disadvantaged parents of young children as standard practice in early childhood programs and (b) describe the feasibility and utility of incorporating mental health promotion services in child care centers serving low-income families using the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) as an example. The CPP is an evidence-based intervention designed in collaboration with low-income, ethnic minority parents to promote positive parenting skills and reduce behavior problems in young children. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2007; 13(5), 313-320. DOI: 10.1177/1078390307306996

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and State Child Welfare Systems.

In several states, commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is now a reportable child abuse offense. Illinois has taken the lead in tackling the issue and the Illinois experience illuminates valuable lessons. This article delineates the protection, practice, and policy implications that evolve when CSEC falls under a state child welfare system. The specific aims are to (a) discuss CSEC, its victims, risks, harms, and challenges inherent in providing effective care; (b) use Illinois as an exemplar to explicate the consequences and implementation challenges of establishing a state reporting system that frames CSEC as a child welfare issue; (c) recommend strategies for developing effective state reporting models, and (d) demonstrate how nurses are well poised to advocate for victims of human trafficking on both state and national levels. Recommendations for improving the identification of CSEC victims and overcoming challenges to state implementation are offered.

Developing the eCPP: Adapting an evidence-based parent training program for digital delivery in primary care settings

BACKGROUND Developing innovative delivery methods is needed to overcome time and logistic barriers to in-person participation in evidence-based parent training (PT) programs. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to (a) describe the systematic process for adapting an evidence-based group PT program (the Chicago Parent Program) to a tablet-based delivery format, (b) present the adapted program, and (c) discuss opportunities and challenges of adapting evidence-based programs for alternative delivery methods. METHODS To ensure consistency with the original program and relevance to the intended program recipients, three groups-parents (n = 10), CPP developers (n = 3), and digital delivery experts- were engaged throughout the systematic steps of the delivery adaptation of the Chicago Parent Program (eCPP). Group meetings were used to identify the programs core components, develop the adaptation program model, assess potential mismatches for the new delivery context, and adapt the original program model and materials. RESULTS The final eCPP is a six-module Internet-based intervention that includes: interactive activities, video examples and explanations of parenting strategies, reflection questions, assessment of parent knowledge with feedback, and module practice assignments. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Developing innovative delivery approaches for evidenced-based interventions are promising to increase intervention sustainability and participant access and engagement. It is critical that these adaptations are systematic and developed with expert consultation and community input.

Does race still matter in nursing? The narratives of African-American nursing faculty members.

BACKGROUND The rise in undergraduate enrollment of African-American students has not translated into more African-American faculty members, although they could mentor minority students and promote an ethos that encourages their academic success. Discrimination against African-American faculty members continues, which could lessen their presence. PURPOSE This study explored the narratives of 23 African-American faculty members to determine if race still matters in nursing. METHODS A narrative approach grounded in social constructionism and critical race theory was used to illustrate the journey of African-American faculty into and throughout academia and to reveal factors related to decisions to enter and remain in academia. DISCUSSION Most of the participants stated that they faced racial discrimination that tested their resilience and reinforced their commitment to the academy. CONCLUSION Intentional actions and open discourse could strengthen institutional commitments to racial diversity and facilitate the recruitment and retention of racially diverse nursing faculties.

Health-care provider communication with expectant parents during a prenatal diagnosis: an integrative review

The pregnancy and health-care experience of expectant parents who receive a prenatal diagnosis of their unborn infant is distinctively fraught with uncertainty. Health-care providers (HCPs) that care for parents during this uncertain time have an exceptional opportunity to positively impact parental outcomes. An integrative literature review was conducted to explore HCPs’ impact on parents’ experiences of receiving a prenatal diagnosis. Thirty-three articles met study inclusion criteria (n=18 qualitative; 6 quantitative; 9 mixed methods). HCP communication was the major theme identified, because of its overarching impact on parents’ experiences of receiving a prenatal diagnosis of their unborn infant. Parents’ perception of the information communicated to them about their unborn infant’s diagnosis by their HCP, and the manner in which that information is communicated to them, affects parents’ ability to cope with the diagnosis. Recommendations for health-care delivery models, and for future research are discussed.

A Systematic Review of Literature on Culturally Adapted Obesity Prevention Interventions for African American Youth

Obesity and overweight prevalence in African American (AA) youth continues to be one of the highest of all major ethnic groups, which has led researchers to pursue culturally based approaches as a means to improve obesity prevention interventions. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate culturally adapted obesity prevention interventions targeting AA youth. A search of electronic databases, limited to multicomponent culturally adapted obesity prevention controlled trials from 2003 to 2013, was conducted for key terms. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. We used the PEN-3 model to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of interventions as well as to identify cultural adaptation strategies. The PEN-3 model highlighted the value of designing joint parent–youth interventions, building a relationship between AA mentors and youth, and emphasizing healthful activities that the youth preferred. The PEN-3 model shows promise as an overarching framework to develop culturally adapted obesity interventions.

Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial of a fatherhood intervention for African American non-resident fathers: Can we improve father and child outcomes?

PURPOSE African American (AA) fathers who live apart from their children face multiple obstacles to consistent and positive involvement with their children. Consequently, significant numbers of children are bereft of their fathers positive involvement. Intervention research that is explicitly focused on promoting the positive involvement of non-resident AA fathers with their young children is limited. The purpose of this article is to describe the study protocol of a randomized trial (RCT) designed to test the Building Bridges to Fatherhood program against a financial literacy comparison condition; and discuss early implementation challenges. METHODS Fathers (n=180) are recruited to attend 10 group meetings, reimbursed for transportation, given dinner and activity vouchers for spending time with their child, and incentivized with a

Hunter–Prey Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Online Posts of Men Who Buy Sex

40 gift card at each data collection time point. Mothers are incentivized (