Xavier Borteyrou

Psychometric Properties of the French Adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales

The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales, a widely used instrument in body image research. The questionnaire is composed of five subscales: Appearance Orientation, Appearance Evaluation, Overweight Preoccupation, Self-classified Weight, and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on a sample of 765 subjects for the first two subscales. As expected, the analyses yielded two factors: Appearance Orientation and Appearance Evaluation. Internal consistencies ranged between .66 and .88 and test-retest reliabilities ranged between .78 and .85 for the five subscales. Appearance evaluation and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale showed good convergent validity with the Body Image Questionnaire. Validity was supported by comparing scores for sex, for groups according to body mass index (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese), and by exploring the influence of social desirability.

Development and validation of the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology: preliminary findings

AIM This study is a report of the development and testing of the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology. BACKGROUND Stressors in oncology nursing are generally assessed using generic stress scales like the Nursing Stress Scale or the Health Professions Stress Inventory. However, qualitative investigations have highlighted the specific nature of the stress to which nurses are exposed. DESIGN The Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology was developed using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. METHOD For the item generation phase, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 59 nurses working in oncology units during 2007. A total of 51 work-related items were retained for the final survey. A convenience sample of 582 nurses working in oncology completed the survey between January 2008-June 2008. They also completed the General Health Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology was further tested for theoretically supported constructs, internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity. FINDINGS The exploratory results revealed five factors: workload, dealing with death and dying, dealing with suffering, interpersonal conflicts, dealing with patients and relatives. The internal consistency of the five subscales was satisfactory. Correlation patterns between the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology dimensions and both mental health and burnout variables support the criterion-related validity of the scale. CONCLUSION Future quantitative or qualitative studies using this scale could add knowledge about the experiences of emotional and organizational stressors related to this area of nursing.

Suicidal tendency, physical health problems and addictive behaviours among general practitioners: their relationship with burnout

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to analyse further the association of burnout with (poor) physical health, addictive behaviours and suicidal tendency among general practitioners (GPs). Four hypotheses were studied: (H1): burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, EE, and depersonalization, DP) will be positively associated with suicidal tendency; (H2): will be negatively related to physical health (i.e. large number of physical symptoms and long-lasting impairment); and (H3): positively linked to addictive behaviours (i.e. addiction to alcohol and psychotropic medication) of GPs. Based on the “spiral of losses” depicted by the conservation of resources theory, we also considered whether physical health mediates the relationships of burnout/suicidal tendency and burnout/addictive behaviours (H4). 1890 French GPs completed a questionnaire administered by phone. Information was collected on burnout, three physical health indicators (BMI, number of physical symptoms and lasting physical health problems), four health behaviours (consumption of tobacco, alcohol, anxiolytics and antidepressants) and suicidal tendency (ideation, plan and attempt). Concerning EE, the results supported the hypotheses, except for alcohol consumption. However, the findings showed that DP was associated with more positive outcomes when controlling for exhaustion. The difference in findings for EE and DP are discussed, together with the need for GPs to develop strategies for resilience.

Qualités psychométriques de l’adaptation française du Family Relationship Index (FRI)

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Family Relationship Index (FRI) from Moos and Moos. The FRI is a self-report inventory which consists of 27 items assessing family relations. It is composed of three dimensions: family cohesion, family expressiveness (of feelings and emotions) and family conflict. METHOD The FRI was translated and adapted into French according to published recommendations. After appropriate cultural adaptations, the scale was administered to a sample of 976 students with a mean age of 21.9 years and 43.5% of men. The participants completed the FRI and three other questionnaires: the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the General Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test different models with one and three factors. The psychometric properties of the short version of the FRI, proposed by Kissane and Bloch (2002) and composed of 12 items, were also studied. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three factors solution was more relevant that the one factor solution (for Khi(2)/ddl, Root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA], Root mean square residual [RMR], Goodness of fit index [GFI], Adjusted goodness of fit [AGFI] and Comparative fit index [CFI]). However, three items belonging to family expression explained a small variance. Therefore, a version consisting of 24 items seemed more appropriate than the 27 items version proposed by Moos and Moos. Cultural differences may explain these results. Internal consistency was satisfactory for cohesion (0.79) and conflict (0.71) but weak for expression (0.55 for 27 items version and 0.62 for 24 items version). One month test-retest reliability showed high correlations for the three dimensions (from 0.77 to 0.85). Correlation between the cohesion subscale of the FRI and the cohesion subscale of the FACES was high (0.77), showing a good convergent validity. The correlations between the three FRI dimensions and the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the General Health Questionnaire were quite low (from -0.31 to 0.41). High family cohesion and high family expression were associated with high life satisfaction and good mental health. Conversely, high family conflict was associated with low life satisfaction and weak mental health. These results support the criterion validity of the FRI. Concerning the 12 items version of the FRI, the factor analysis results showed very good psychometric qualities. However, this short version had lower internal consistency (which ranged between 0.50 and 0.71), test-retest reliability (which ranged 0.68 and 0.81), convergent (0.69 for cohesion) and criterion validity (from -0.21 to 0.37 for the Satisfaction with Life Scale and from -0.28 to 0.19 for the General Health Questionnaire) than the longer versions. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that the FRIs 24 items version seems to be the more relevant. Nevertheless, the 12 items version shows interesting qualities. Further studies should confirm these results on other samples. Given the lack of French-language surveys assessing family relations, the FRI will be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.

Le burnout chez les infirmières en cancérologie : Une approche contextuelle du modèle exigences-contrôle-soutien

Resume Cette recherche, realisee aupres d’infirmieres exercant en cancerologie, est guidee par le modele exigences-controle-soutien (Karasek & Theorell, 1990). Cependant, en accord avec les auteurs qui plaident pour une prise en compte de la specificite du contexte dans les recherches sur le stress au travail, nous avons dans un premier temps conduit 3 focus groups pour identifier les sources d’exigences, de controle et de soutien percues par les infirmieres en cancerologie. L’analyse de contenu a permis de construire un questionnaire auquel ont repondu 144 infirmieres. Les analyses factorielles revelent quatre facteurs : « exigences organisationnelles », « exigences des patients » « soutien » et « controle ». Ensuite, les analyses de regression hierarchiques indiquent que les exigences, le controle et le soutien predisent de facon significative le burnout, en particulier l’epuisement emotionnel. On observe egalement un effet moderateur du soutien social. De leur cote, les stresseurs specifiques (i.e., ceux relatifs aux relations difficiles avec les patients) contribuent au burnout, ce qui confirme la necessite d’inclure dans les composants du modele JDCS des stresseurs specifiques au contexte de travail.

Validité de construit d'une épreuve de jeu de rôle dans le cadre d'un centre d'évaluation chez des officiers de marine

Resume Cette etude porte sur la validite d’une epreuve de jeu de role. L’echantillon se compose de 125 officiers de marine, evalues a la fois pas psychologues et des officiers de marine. Tous les evaluateurs ont participe a des seances de formation (utilisation de grilles comportementales, formation sur les biais de l’evaluation, entrainement sur des sequences video). La procedure d’evaluation incluait une epreuve de jeu de role, des questionnaires d’intelligence (test de facteur g) et de personnalite (cinq grands). Dans un premier temps, des analyses factorielles exploratoires ont ete conduites a partir de la grilles d’observation du jeu de role et 4 facteurs ont ete identifies (attitude autoritaire, consideration, franchise, communication orale). Dans une perspective nomologique, nous avons etabli des liens entre ces facteurs et les score obtenus en personnalite et en intelligence. Les resultats suggerent que le jeu de role et les questionnaires evaluent des construits psychologiques differents.

Détection des compétences managériales - Quels sont les atouts du modèle analogique ?

Bernaud enonce que le modele analogique integrant la methode du centre d’evaluation « constitue […], en theorie, une forme d’ideal dans la detection des competences individuelles » (1999, p. 125). Notre recherche vise a apprehender la representativite, l’acceptabilite et la predictivite de cette approche evaluative des competences individuelles definies dans une perspective comportementaliste. La methodologie mixte met en exergue la pertinence de la methode du centre d’evaluation proposant ainsi une demarche de recrutement et d’evaluation des competences individuelles plus responsable.

Incremental Validity of Leaderless Group Discussion Ratings Over and Above General Mental Ability and Personality in Predicting Promotion

Leaderless group discussions (LGDs) constitute one of the oldest assessment center exercises. In recent times, their added value has sometimes been questioned in light of trends to streamline assessment centers. The purpose of the present study is to examine the incremental validity of LGD ratings over cognitive ability scores and personality ratings for the prediction of extrinsic career success (i.e., promotion speed and number of promotions). We investigated this issue in the context of the promotion of French naval officers (N = 93) in an academy for high‐level executive positions over a 10‐year period. Results indicated that LGD ratings accounted for incremental variance in the prediction of promotion criterion measures, beyond cognitive ability and personality test scores. These results confirm that LGD ratings provide a unique contribution to the prediction of extrinsic career success in high‐level executive positions.