Xavier Le Pichon

Investigation of the tectonics of the Main Marmara Fault by means of deep-towed seismic data

Abstract We report a study of the active principal deformation zone (PDZ) of the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) in the sub-basins of the Sea of Marmara by means of deep-towed seismic (Pasisar) as well as multi-beam bathymetry data collected by Ifremers r/v Le Suroit in September 2000. Our main objective is to investigate the active deformation within the uppermost sedimentary layers with a much higher resolution than hitherto has been available. To the west of the Sea of Marmara, the PDZ is located along the southern flank of the Tekirdag Basin where the sediments are affected by steep reverse faults dipping toward the north. E–W strike–slip faults are also observed in the central part of the Tekirdag Basin and thrusting occurs along its N50°-trending margin. We interpret these structures in terms of a slight clockwise rotation in the basin north of the PDZ. To the east, the PDZ enters the Central Basin and follows a steep scarp along the southern flank of a tectonic depression. The scarp consists of an en echelon fault system with a normal component. These faults are combined with small parallel anticlines and synclines that extend along the southern portion of the depression. The northern scarp of the depression is made of a mixed system of faults with both normal and reverse components associated with anticlines and synclines. These faults are best interpreted as right lateral strike–slip faults with a vertical component that is dominantly normal. These faults and the sigmoid shape of the depression are compatible with a clockwise rotation above the PDZ. This recent tectonic structure appears to be superimposed over a pre-existing graben that is now essentially deactivated. The PDZ continues eastwards, out of the Central Basin, as a N50°E-trending NW-verging thrust system toward the Kumburgaz Basin that is located on a restraining bend of the PDZ. This shortening zone consists of two main N60°E-trending branches. The northern one is more pronounced and composed of two successive restraining bends. The southern branch is smoother and forms a gently curved connection between the two segments of the PDZ. This suggests that the PDZ migrates southward to cut through this restraining bend. Further east, the PDZ enters the Cinarcik Basin along its northern scarp. Active deformation observed on the Pasisar profiles along the 290°-trending eastern portion of this scarp consists of N110±5°-trending dextral strike–slip faults connecting short segments of active N130–140° normal faults that control elongated depocenters. Along the southern flank of the Cinarcik Basin, the E–W Izmit fault enters the basin from the east. Pasisar data confirm the extension of the Izmit strike–slip fault into the Cinarcik Basin and the large development of normal faulting along the southern flank of the basin. Some of the normal faulting observed here may be related to horse tail termination of the Izmit fault, while most of it is the expression of strain partitioning.

A Schematic Model of the Evolution of the South Atlantic

A schematic model of the evolution of the South Atlantic ocean is proposed to demonstrate the possibilities offered by the Deep Sea Drilling Project within the framework of Plate Tectonics to reconstruct a logical evolution of the history of the ocean basins and their paleoenvironment. The emphasis is put on the methodology available to reconstruct the ocean crust morphology and its sedimentary cover at all stages throughout the opening of the ocean.Paleobathymetric, deep paleo-water-circulation and paleo-sedimentary - facies maps at five different stages of the opening are presented and discussed. The last type of maps are in great part based on a new paleo - Carbonate Compensation Depth Curve for the South Atlantic which is tentatively proposed here. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Jean Francheteau (1943–2010)

Jean Francheteau, pioneering marine geologist and geophysicist, AGU Fellow, and emeritus professor at the University of Brest (Universite de Bretagne Occidentale), died on 21 July in St-Renan, Brittany, France, at the age of 67 after a long illness. With his passing, the field of Earth sciences lost a major contributor to the development of a definitive theory of plate tectonics and one of the first to make visual geological observations on the deep seafloor. Such scientific accomplishments, coupled with his personal charm and the ability to collaborate with researchers from many institutions, ensured that he had a huge influence not only on the world of research but also on teaching and the application of ethics to science.