Xiao Bing Huang

Study on Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Alpinia officinarum Hance

Alpinia officinarum Hance, one of the local herbs in Guangdong, has the rich content of flavonoids and is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract regulation, smooth muscle spasmolysis, immunoloregulation, antioxygen, tumors, diarrhea, and diphenylheptanes. At present, the main extraction methods of Alpinia officinarum Hance is organic solvent extraction. To obtain the optimum extraction conditions of Alpinia officinarum Hance flavonoids, this study is on the basis of the references, using Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method to measure the content of flavonoids in Alpinia officinarum Hance to explore the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, the solid-liquid ratio and the extraction times in the effects of galanga flavonoids. The experiment found that the opimal extraction condions were as follows: the concentration of 40% ethanol, extraction temperature 70 oC, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, extraction time 3 h, extracting for 1 time. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of Alpinia officinarum Hance flavonoids could be as high as 1.40%, namely 14 mg/g.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Seed by Response Surface Methodology

The ultrasonic technology was applied to optimize the processing parameters of extraction of flavonoids from litchi seed using the response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken design was used to analyze the effect of independent variables including extraction temperature (X1), methanol concentration (X2) and extraction time (X3) on the yield of total flavonoids as the dependent variable(Y). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that three independent variables, their quadratic terms and interaction terms showed a significant effect on yield of total flavonoids (YTF) except the interaction between X1 and X2. A mathematical model with high determination coefficient was constructed, according to which the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction temperature 70°C, methanol concentration 68%, extraction time 70 min. Under the above-mentioned condition, the experimental value of YTF was 3.55 g catechin equivalent per 100 g of dry (g CE/100 g ), which agreed with the predicted value perfectly, demonstrating the response surface model was suitable in optimizing the extraction of flavonoids from litchi seed.

Response Surface Methodology for Extraction Optimization of Phyllostachys pubescens Bamboo Shoots Protein

The aim of the study was to investigate bamboo shoots protein extraction. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the effects of pH, temperature and solid-liquid ratio during Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots protein extraction. Regression analysis was applied on the data obtained. The more relevant variables were pH, liquid-solid ratio. The coefficient determination (R2 = 0.9258) was good for the second-order model. Maximum yield was 10.77±2.28% obtained when pH, liquid-solid ratio, temperature and extraction time were 12, 32.24, 46.12°C and 20 min, respectively. The result was help to design the process of optimal protein extraction from Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Longan Seed by Response Surface Methodology

A Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters of ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from longan seed based on the single-factor experiments. The effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on the extraction yield of phenolics from longan seed were investigated. The major parameter influencing the extraction was the extraction temperature. In this experiment, the maximal extraction yield of phenolics was obtained with 5.931 ± 0.016% (n = 3) at extraction temperature 82°C, methanol concentration 50% and extraction time 41 min. Under optimal conditions, the activity predicted by the model agreed well with experimental data.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Litchi Seed by Response Surface Methodology

Optimization conditions for ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from litchi seed were studied using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to determine the effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on yield of phenolics. Then a quadratic regression model was developed and found to be statistically significant by examining its adequacy. According to the model, the maximum yield of phenolics was obtained at the theoretical extraction conditions described as follows: extraction temperature 90°C, methanol concentration 59% and extraction time 70 min. Under this condition, the experimental value was 5.48 ± 0.03% (n = 3) with gallic acid as the equivalent, which agreed with the predicted value (5.52%) closely.