Xin-he Jiang

Anomalous Light Emission and Wide Photoluminescence Spectra in Graphene Quantum Dot: Quantum Confinement from Edge Microstructure

The physical origin of the observed anomalous photoluminescence (PL) behavior, that is, the large-size graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibiting higher PL energy than the small ones and the broadening PL spectra from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared, has been debated for many years. Obviously, it is in conflict with the well-accepted quantum confinement. Here we shed new light on these two notable debates by state-of-the-art first-principles calculations based on many-body perturbation theory. We find that quantum confinement is significant in GQDs with remarkable size-dependent exciton absorption/emission. The edge environment from alkaline to acidic conditions causes a blue shift of the PL peak. Furthermore, carbon vacancies are inclined to assemble at the GQD edge and form the tiny edge microstructures. The bound excitons, localized inside these edge microstructures, determine the anomalous PL behavior (blue and UV emission) of large-size GQDs. The bound excitons confined in the whole GQD lead to the low-energy transition.

Enhancement of TE polarized light extraction efficiency in nanoscale (AlN)m /(GaN)n (m>n) superlattice substitution for Al-rich AlGaN disorder alloy: ultra-thin GaN layer modulation

The problem of achieving high light extraction efficiency in Al-rich AlxGaN is of paramount importance for the realization of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic devices. To solve this problem, we investigate the microscopic mechanism of valence band inversion and light polarization, a crucial factor for enhancing light extraction efficiency, in Al-rich AlxGaN alloy using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional, local-density approximation with 1/2 occupation, and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional, in which the spin–orbit coupling effect is included. We find that the microscopic Ga-atom distribution can effectively modulate the valence band structure of Al-rich AlxGaN. Moreover, we prove that the valence band arrangement in the decreasing order of heavy hole, light hole, and crystal-field split-off hole can be realized by using nanoscale (AlN)m/(GaN)n (m>n) superlattice (SL) substituting for Al-rich AlxGaN disorder alloy as the active layer of optoelectronic devices due to the ultra-thin GaN layer modulation. The valence band maximum, i.e., the heavy hole band, has px- and py-like characteristics and is highly localized in the SL structure, which leads to the desired transverse electric (TE) polarized (E⊥c) light emission with improved light extraction efficiency in the DUV spectral region. Some important band-structure parameters and electron/hole effective masses are also given. The physical origin for the valence band inversion and TE polarization in (AlN)m/(GaN)n SL is analyzed in depth.

High-Output-Power Ultraviolet Light Source from Quasi-2D GaN Quantum Structure.

Quasi-2D GaN layers inserted in an AlGaN matrix are proposed as a novel active region to develop a high-output-power UV light source. Such a structure is successfully achieved by precise control in molecular beam epitaxy and shows an amazing output power of ≈160 mW at 285 nm with a pulsed electron-beam excitation. This device is promising and competitive in non-line-of-sight communications or the sterilization field.

Reducing Mg Acceptor Activation-Energy in Al0.83Ga0.17N Disorder Alloy Substituted by Nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 Superlattice Using MgGa δ-Doping: Mg Local-Structure Effect

Improving p-type doping efficiency in Al-rich AlGaN alloys is a worldwide problem for the realization of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronic devices. In order to solve this problem, we calculate Mg acceptor activation energy and investigate its relationship with Mg local structure in nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL), a substitution for Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy, using first-principles calculations. A universal picture to reduce acceptor activation energy in wide-gap semiconductors is given for the first time. By reducing the volume of the acceptor local structure slightly, its activation energy can be decreased remarkably. Our results show that Mg acceptor activation energy can be reduced significantly from 0.44 eV in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy to 0.26 eV, very close to the Mg acceptor activation energy in GaN, and a high hole concentration in the order of 1019 cm−3 can be obtained in (AlN)5/(GaN)1 SL by MgGa δ-doping owing to GaN-monolayer modulation. We thus open up a new way to reduce Mg acceptor activation energy and increase hole concentration in Al-rich AlGaN.

Improvement of n-type conductivity in hexagonal boron nitride monolayers by doping, strain and adsorption

The n-type conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayers has been studied using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. We adopt three different methods, which are C, S, Si and Si–nO (n = 1, 2, 3) doping, applying strain and alkali metal (AM) atom (Li, Na, K and Rb) adsorption, to improve the n-type conductivity of h-BN monolayers. Three important results are obtained. First, as donor dopants, the activation energies (ED) of CB, SN and SiB are 1.22, 0.50 and 0.86 eV, respectively. The ED of Si can be further reduced via Si–nO codoping with an increasing O-atom number and it decreases to 0.39 eV for Si–3O. Second, ED can be effectively reduced by applying strain. The Si–3O has the lowest activation energy of 0.06 eV under 4% compressive biaxial strain. Finally, there is an obvious charge transfer from adsorbed AM atoms to h-BN monolayers, which results in an enhancement of electron concentration and improvement of n-type conductivity. This charge transfer is insensitive to the strain. The present results are significant for improving the performance of h-BN based two-dimensional optoelectronic nanodevices.

Improving p-type doping efficiency in Al0.83Ga0.17N alloy substituted by nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice with MgGa-ON δ-codoping: Role of O-atom in GaN monolayer

We calculate Mg-acceptor activation energy EA and investigate the influence of O-atom, occupied the Mg nearest-neighbor, on EA in nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL), a substitution for Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy, using first-principles calculations. We find that the N-atom bonded with Ga-atom is more easily substituted by O-atom and nMgGa-ON (n = 1-3) complexes are favorable and stable in the SL. The O-atom plays a dominant role in reducing EA. The shorter the Mg-O bond is, the smaller the EA is. The Mg-acceptor activation energy can be reduced significantly by nMgGa-ON δ-codoping. Our calculated EA for 2MgGa-ON is 0.21 eV, and can be further reduced to 0.13 eV for 3MgGa-ON, which results in a high hole concentration in the order of 1020 cm−3 at room temperature in (AlN)5/(GaN)1 SL. Our results prove that nMgGa-ON (n = 2,3) δ-codoping in AlN/GaN SL with ultrathin GaN-layer is an effective way to improve p-type doping efficiency in Al-rich AlGaN.

Band edge modulation and interband optical transition in AlN:Mg-O nanotubes

AlN nanotubes (NTs) have many novel characteristics and great potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. However, little is known about the influence of Mg-O co-doping effects on their optical properties. Here, we focus on investigating the electronic structures, clarify the interband optical transition mechanism and give a clear atomic picture for the important electron/hole localization centre in AlN:Mg-O NTs using the GGA-1/2 method. We find that the Mg doping efficiency can be improved effectively due to O doping in AlN NTs. The Mg and O form Mg-O defect complex easily along the AlN NT axis (C-axis). The Mg-O defect complex can result in a remarkable charge transfer around it and modify the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum significantly. Meanwhile, the Mg-O defect complex also forms the important exciton localization centre and effectively enhances the interband radiative recombination rate. Moreover, the light emission/absorption sensitively depends on its polarization. The parallel polarized light () is much stronger than the perpendicular one (). The Mg-O co-doping thus paves a new way for improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices based on AlN NTs.