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Coleopterists Bulletin | 2006

Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Xinhua Fu; Ohba Nobuyoshi; V. B. Meyer-Rochow; Yuyong Wang; Chaoliang Lei

Abstract Male adults of the firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis discharge fluids from along elytral and pronotal margins and around the antennal sockets, but females when tactually stimulated only discharge fluids from pronotal margins and antennal sockets. Both genders, when disturbed, may also occasionally discharge fluid from the anus. With regard to its content of haemocytes and proteins, the discharged fluid conforms to haemolymph. A series of circular, but irregularly spaced depressions in the insects cuticle along the pronotal and elytral margins seems to be related to the ‘reflex-bleeding’ response. Each depression features a centrally-placed columnar structure, which is connected to its surroundings by a thin membrane that easily ruptures and, once broken, initiates reflex-bleeding. The whitish and viscous blood oozing out is very effective in repelling ants. Reflex-bleeding in the adults of Pyrocoelia pectoralis seems associated with thanatosis and luminescence and, thus, supports other defense reactions that the beetle has at its disposal.


Coleopterists Bulletin | 2007

Biological Characteristics of the Terrestrial Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Cleoptera: Lampyridae)

Yuyong Wang; Xinhua Fu; Chaoliang Lei; Ming-Luen Jeng; Ohba Nobuyoshi

Abstract The terrestrial firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (E. Oliv., 1883) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) was discovered in mainland China in 2002. The larvae of P. pectoralis inhabit moist grasslands and deserted farmlands rich in terrestrial vegetation. We recorded P. pectoralis mainly feeding on two species of land snails, Bradybaena similaris (Férussac) and Bradybaena ravida ravida (Benson) (Stylommatophora: Bradybaeniidae). A predator of adult fireflies was also recorded for the first time: the spider, Tetragnatha praedonia (L. Koch) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). The prepupal stage of P. pectoralis lasted 5.3 (female) and 6.2 (male) days. The pupal stage lasted 8.4 (female) and 13.4 (male) days at 25°C. The imaginal period lasted from September to October. The photic emission of P. pectoralis was 526.5 ~ 593.9 nm, with the peak emitted wavelength (&lgr;max) at 548.6 nm. A female can mate with a male immediately after emergence and with several different males. The total number of eggs laid by mated females was correlated with the females initial mass (y = 235.28x−20.38, R2 = 0.7283, n = 44, P < 0.01). The average number of eggs laid was 72.0. In addition, unmated females can also lay eggs. Reflex bleeding was observed in the adults of these fireflies.


Coleopterists Bulletin | 2005

The Swimming Behavior of the Aquatic Larvae of the Firefly Luciola substriata (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Xinhua Fu; Yuyong Wang; Chaoliang Lei; Ohba Nobuyoshi

Abstract Third to sixth instar larvae of the aquatic firefly Luciola substriata swim with their ventral side up, including when they were searching for prey. When larvae were engaged in swimming, the thoracic legs sculled backwards continuously, while the abdomen could curve upward and downwards. The pygopodium located in the end of abdomen enable larvae to grasp and adhere on floating objects that also help start or cease swimming. When larvae in back-swimming changed direction, the larval abdomen curved clockwise or counterclockwise quickly and then unbent. The legs movement of larvae consists of eight different stroke patterns. The larvae averaged 1.6 strokes per sec and 0.6 wiggle of abdomen per sec. Larvae swim slowly with the speed of 0.9 m/h.


Zootaxa | 2012

The external larval morphology of aquatic and terrestrial Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Xinhua Fu; Lesley Ballantyne; Christine L. Lambkin

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Insect Systematics & Evolution | 2017

A day-flashing Photinus firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from central Panamá: an emergent shift to predator-free space?

Fredric V. Vencl; Xin Luan; Xinhua Fu; Luana S. Maroja

Fireflies in the genus Photinus are well regarded for their luminescent nocturnal courtship displays. Here we report on a new firefly species, Photinus interdius, which is remarkable for its fully diurnal and luminescent courtship protocol. Males slowly flew near the ground searching for receptive females and emitted 800 ms, bright yellow light flashes at 3–4-s intervals. Male flights occurred as early as 13:10 and ceased before 18:00. We sequenced two mitochondrial loci and one genomic locus and combined these with those from 99 specimens representing 45 Photinus and 25 related firefly species. Bayesian inference resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny that placed this new species as the closest relative of, but basal to the Photinus clade. We propose that the adaptive significance of this extraordinary temporal shift in courtship niche is the outcome of a selective landscape that has optimized the trade-off between reduced predation risk and ease of mate-localization.


Zootaxa | 2012

Emeia Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of Luciolinae Fireflies From China (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) With An Unusual Trilobite-Like Larva, And A Redescription Of The Genus Curtos Motschulsky

Xinhua Fu; Lesley Ballantyne; Christine L. Lambkin

Emeia, a new genus of Luciolinae fireflies, is described from males, flightless females and unusual trilobite-like larvae for a single species pseudosauteri (Geisthardt) transferred from Curtos Motschulsky. Flashing patterns and ecological data are presented. A phylogenetic analysis covering 143 Luciolinae species uses 436 morphological characters of males, females and larvae to support the erection of the new genus. A generic redescription of Curtos Motschulsky from a restricted number of species is given. A key to genera and certain species groups using males is provided.


Archive | 2012

Figures 32–36. Habitus Curtos Costipennis. 32, 33 Male, 34, 35 Female, 36 In Emeia Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of Luciolinae Fireflies From China (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) With An Unusual Trilobite-Like Larva, And A Redescription Of The Genus Curtos Motschulsky

Xinhua Fu; Lesley Ballantyne; Christine L. Lambkin

FIGURES 32 – 36. Habitus Curtos costipennis. 32, 33 male, 34, 35 female, 36 larva. (32, 34, 36 dorsal, 33, 35 ventral) (Scale bar = 5 mm).


Canadian Entomologist | 2006

Life cycle and behaviour of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Mainland China

Xinhua Fu; Ohba Nobuyoshi; Fredric V. Vencl; Chaoliang Lei


Canadian Entomologist | 2006

Luciola leii sp. nov., a new species of aquatic firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) from mainland China

Xinhua Fu; Lesley Ballantyne


Canadian Entomologist | 2006

A rearing apparatus and diet for the aquatic firefly Luciola leii (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Xinhua Fu; Ohba Nobuyoshi; Ying Zhang; Chaoliang Lei

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Chaoliang Lei

Huazhong Agricultural University

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Xin Luan

Huazhong Agricultural University

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Ying Zhang

Huazhong Agricultural University

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