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Featured researches published by Xinpeng Fan.


Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | 2014

Further insights into the phylogeny of two ciliate classes Nassophorea and Prostomatea (Protista, Ciliophora)

Qianqian Zhang; Zhenzhen Yi; Xinpeng Fan; Alan Warren; Jun Gong; Weibo Song

The Nassophorea and Prostomatea are two of the key classes in understanding the morphological diversification and higher classification of the phylum Ciliophora. However, their phylogenetic relationships with other ciliate groups within the subphylum Intramacronucleata remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the small and large subunit (SSU and LSU) rRNA gene-based phylogeny of these groups with sequences of additional taxa including several key species. The results show that: (1) the class Nassophorea remains polyphyletic, with the microthoracids clustering with the Phyllopharyngea, whereas the nassulids represent a basal group of the CONthreeP superclade in the SSU tree; (2) the Prostomatea is not depicted as a monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees, and the monophyly of this class is marginally rejected by statistical tree topology tests; (3) the nassulid genus Parafurgasonia is more closely related to the family Colpodidiidae than to Furgasonia; (4) Paranassula, which was previously thought to be a nassulid, is phylogenetically related to the oligohymenophorean peniculids in both the SSU and LSU trees; (5) the microthoracid genus Discotricha does not group with the other microthoracids in either SSU or LSU trees; (6) the family Plagiocampidae is closely related to the prostome parasite Cryptocaryon irritans and to the family Urotrichidae in the order Prorodontida; and (7) the family Placidae, represented by Placus salinus, is sister to the family Holophryidae in the order Prorodontida. Based on the present data, we consider the genus Discotricha to be an unclassified taxon within the CONthreeP. We also propose resurrecting the order Paranassulida and classifying it within the subclass Peniculia, class Oligohymenophorea. Primary and secondary structure signatures for higher taxa within Phyllopharyngea and Nassophorea are supplied.


Acta Protozoologica | 2011

Redescriptions of Two Marine Scuticociliates from China, with Notes on Stomatogenesis in Parauronema longum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

Xuming Pan; Chen Shao; Honggang Ma; Xinpeng Fan; Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid; Saleh A. Al-Farraj; Xiaozhong Hu

The morphology and infraciliature of two marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema puytoraci Groliere and Detcheva, 1974, and Parauronema longum Song, 1995, collected from China, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation methods. Based on the data obtained for the China population, new information of the living morphology of Pleuronema puytoraci is documented and details of the complete infraciliature is available for the first time. The stomatogenesis of Parauronema longum is basically similar to that of its congeners and can be summarized as follows: membranelle 1, membranelle 2 and the scutica of the opisthe originate from the parental paroral membrane, whereas membranelle 3 of the opisthe develops from the parental scutica; the paroral membrane originates from the parental paroral membrane.


European Journal of Protistology | 2017

Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) stueberi (Foissner, 1987) comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), and reclassification of the remaining Caudiholosticha species

Fengchao Li; Zhao Lyu; Yanbo Li; Xinpeng Fan; Saleh A. Al-Farraj; Chen Shao; Helmut Berger

The morphology, morphogenesis, and SSU rDNA sequence of a Caudiholosticha stueberi population from Southwest China soil were analyzed. The studies confirm the assumption of previous workers that this species has dorsomarginal kineties and thus does not belong to the urostyloids, but to the non-oxytrichid dorsomarginalian genus Uroleptus whose members have, in contrast to C. stueberi, a distinct tail. On the basis of two morphological features we split Uroleptus into three subgenera: U. (Uroleptus) (tail present; more than five transverse cirri; habitat freshwater), U. (Paruroleptus) (present; five or less; freshwater or soil), and U. (Caudiholosticha) stat. nov. (lacking; five or less; soil). Since Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) stueberi comb. nov. is the type of Caudiholosticha, the other 16 species so far assigned to Caudiholosticha have to be reclassified because they obviously lack dorsomarginal kineties. Based on published data, six new urostyloid genera are established: Extraholosticha gen. nov. (type: Holosticha sylvatica; monotypic); Adumbratosticha gen. nov. (type: H. tetracirrata; three species); Acuholosticha gen. nov. (type: U. paranotabilis; five species); Limnoholosticha gen. nov. (type: H. (Holosticha) navicularum; four species); Multiholosticha gen. nov. (type: H. multicaudicirrus; two species); and Caudikeronopsis gen. nov. (type: Caudiholosticha marina; monotypic). Urosomoida sejongensis is transferred to Oxytrichella: O. sejongensis comb. nov.


Acta Protozoologica | 2014

Morphology and phylogeny of four marine scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with descriptions of two new species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Xuming Pan; Feng Gao; Miao Miao; Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid; Honggang Ma; Xinpeng Fan; Jie Huang

The morphology and infraciliature of four marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema elegans spec. nov., P. setigerum Calkins, 1902, P. grolierei Wang et al., 2008 and Uronema orientalis spec. nov., collected from China seas, were investigated through live observation and protargol staining methods. Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: size in vivo 90–115 × 45–60 µm, slender oval in outline with a distinctly pointed posterior end; about 10 prolonged caudal cilia; consistently two preoral kineties and 18 or 19 somatic kineties; membranelle 2a double-rowed with its posterior end straight; membranelle 3 three-rowed; one macronucleus; marine habitat. Uronema orientalis spec. nov. is distinguished by the following features: in vivo about 40–55 × 20–30 μm with a truncated apical plate; consistently twenty somatic kineties; membranelle 1 single-rowed and divided into two parts which comprise four and three basal bodies respectively; contractile vacuole pore positioned at the end of the second somatic kinety; marine habitat. We also provide improved diagnoses for P. grolierei Wang et al., 2008 and P. setigerum Calkins, 1902 based on current and previous reports. The small subunit rRNA gene of U. orientalis, P. elegans, P. grolierei and P. puytoraci were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Uronema and Pleuronema are not monophyletic.


European Journal of Protistology | 2013

Morphology of three new marine Frontonia species (Ciliophora; Peniculida) with note on the phylogeny of this genus.

Xinpeng Fan; Xiaofeng Lin; Weiwei Liu; Yuan Xu; Saleh A. Al-Farraj; Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid; Alan Warren

Members of the ciliate genus Frontonia are common colonizers of periphytic communities in aquatic biotopes. Recent studies indicate that their species diversity is higher than previously supposed. In this study the morphology and infraciliature of three new species, Frontonia sinica spec. nov., F. pusilla spec. nov., and F. elegans spec. nov., isolated from coastal waters of China, were investigated using live observation and silver impregnation methods. Frontonia sinica differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: ellipsoidal body, about 116 somatic and five or six vestibular kineties, peniculi 1 and 2 four-rowed, peniculus 3 two-rowed, and a single contractile vacuole. Frontonia pusilla has about 72 somatic kineties, four-rowed peniculi 1 and 2, a two-rowed peniculus 3, and two contractile vacuoles. Frontonia elegans has 73 somatic kineties, four-rowed peniculi 1 and 2, a three-rowed peniculus 3, and two contractile vacuoles. In the present work, six new small-subunit rRNA gene sequences of six Frontonia species are used to construct the phylogenetic trees. Our phylogenetic analysis supports that the genus Frontonia may be paraphyletic. Meanwhile, no pattern of correlation could be found between the structures of peniculi and the phylogenetic relationships of Frontonia species in the present study.


Acta Protozoologica | 2013

Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners

Xuming Pan; Weiwei Liu; Zhenzhen Yi; Xinpeng Fan; Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid; Xiaofeng Lin

Living observation and silver impregnation methods were used to investigate the morphology and infraciliature of three Fronto- nia ciliates (F. guangdongensis spec. nov., F. ocularis Bullington, 1939 and F. schaefferi Bullington, 1939) that were isolated from coastal waters of the South China Sea. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. may be recognized by the combination of the following characteristics: cells about 160 × 35 μm in vivo; elongated body with right margin depressed in anterior third; length to width ratio 4:1 to 5:1; three or four vestibular and four or fi ve postoral kineties; peniculi 1 and 2 each with four rows of kineties, peniculus 3 with two rows; one contractile vacuole in mid-body region right of cell median; brackish water habitat. A key based on morphological data for fourteen marine or brack- ish water Frontonia species found in China is also provided. In addition, the small subunit (SSU) rDNA gene was sequenced for F. ocularis Bullington, 1939. Our phylogenetic analyses support the contention that the genus Frontonia is not monophyletic.


International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | 2014

Morphological and molecular characterization of Parafurgasonia zhangi spec. nov. and Chilodonella acuta Kahl, 1931 (Protozoa, Ciliophora), from a soil habitat of Saudi Arabia.

Xinpeng Fan; Rui Ma; Saleh A. Al-Farraj; Fukang Gu

The morphology and infraciliature of two soil ciliates, Parafurgasonia zhangi spec. nov. and Chilodonella acuta Kahl, 1931, collected from Saudi Arabia, were investigated by observations of both living cells and specimens after standard staining methods. P. zhangi differs from its congeners by the combination of the following features: excretory pore quite near posterior end of paroral membrane, 16 or 17 somatic kineties with about 11 kinetids in each one on dorsal side, paroral membrane gently curved and composed of about 15 dikinetids, and hypostomial organelle composed of four or five files of kinetids with four monokinetids each. The diagnosis of Chilodonella acuta was renewed to include characteristics revealed by the silver impregnation method: cells in vivo measuring 33-45) × 18-26) µm, dorsal hump and tail-like podite present, two contractile vacuoles, seven left and five right kineties, 9-11 nematodesmal rods, and dorsal brush containing about 11 basal bodies. Phylogenetic analyses based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences showed that P. zhangi was closer to species of the Colpodidiidae rather than the Furgasoniidae represented by Furgasonia blochmanni, and Chilodonella acuta clustered with its congener Chilodonella uncinata but was a well-outlined species of the genus.


European Journal of Protistology | 2013

Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequences of three Frontonia species, including a description of F. subtropica spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida).

Xuming Pan; Feng Gao; Weiwei Liu; Xinpeng Fan; Alan Warren; Weibo Song

The morphology and infraciliature of three Frontonia species, F. subtropica spec. nov., F. canadensis Roque and Puytorac, 1972, and F. magna Fan et al., 2011, isolated from coastal waters in southern China sea, were investigated using living observation and silver impregnation methods. Frontonia subtropica spec. nov. is recognized by the combination of the following characters: body elliptical in outline with right margin depressed in anterior third, about 180-230 μm × 60-80 μm in vivo; 104-114 somatic kineties; peniculi 1-3 each with four kineties; five vestibular and five postoral kineties; one centrally located elongate-elliptical macronucleus; single contractile vacuole located left-dorsally in posterior third of body. We also provide improved diagnoses for F. canadensis and F. magna based on current and previous reports. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was sequenced for all three species. Comparisons with sequences of morphologically similar congeners clearly support the validity each species.


Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology | 2016

Tetrahymena australis (Protozoa, Ciliophora): A Well-Known But "Non-Existing" Taxon - Consideration of Its Identification, Definition and Systematic Position.

Mingjian Liu; Xinpeng Fan; Feng Gao; Shan Gao; Yuhe Yu; Alan Warren; Jie Huang

A cryptic species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex, Tetrahymena australis, has been known for a long time but never properly diagnosed based on taxonomic methods. The species name is thus invalid according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Recently, a population isolated from a freshwater lake in Wuhan, China was investigated using live observations, silver staining methods and gene sequence data. This organism can be separated from other described species of the T. pyriformis complex by its relatively small body size, the number of somatic kineties and differences in sequences of two genes, namely the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1). We compared the SSU rRNA gene sequences of all available Tetrahymena species to reveal the nucleotide differences within this genus. The sequence of the Wuhan population is identical to two sequences of a previously isolated strain of T. australis (ATCC #30831). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these three sequences (X56167, M98015, KT334373) cluster with Tetrahymena shanghaiensis (EF070256) in a polytomy. However, sequence divergence of the cox1 gene between the Wuhan population and another strain of T. australis (ATCC #30271) is 1.4%, suggesting that these may represent different subspecies.


Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology | 2013

Phylogeny of the Poorly Known Ciliates, Microthoracida, a Systematically Confused Taxon (Ciliophora), with Morphological Reports of Three Species

Xinpeng Fan; Hongbo Pan; Lifang Li; Jiamei Jiang; Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid; Fukang Gu

Three species of Microthoracids, Lopezoterenia paratorpens n. sp., Trochiliopsis australis Foissner et al., 1988 and Discotricha papillifera Tuffrau, 1954, collected from Chinese coastal waters, were investigated using live observation and protargol staining methods. Lopezoterenia paratorpens n. sp. was characterized by its squarely shaped cortical papillae and by dorsal kineties which contained loosely distributed basal bodies. Trochiliopsis australis was revealed to have two oral membranelles, which was not recorded in the original report. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data from each of the three species, and on other available data for microthoracids. The results showed that the order Microthoracida is not monophyletic because the family Discotrichidae, which contains L. paratorpens and D. papillifera, forms a clade separated from the “core” Microthoracids clade. The topologies of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees, along with the distinct morphological characteristics found previously, suggest that the family Discotrichidae should not be assigned to the order Microthoracida. We propose to designate a new order, Discotrichida n. ord. which diagnosed as: flattened ciliates with conspicuous cortical papillae on both dorsal and ventral faces, rod‐shaped mucocysts, and an asymmetric cytopharyngeal basket. Also, the fact that Leptopharynx clusters with the assemblage including T. australis, and Pseudomicrothorax is located distantly from Leptopharynx indicates that the classification of Pseudomicrothoracidae and Microthoracidae by Foissner (1985) is justified.

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Fukang Gu

East China Normal University

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Yuan Xu

East China Normal University

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Bing Ni

East China Normal University

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Xuming Pan

Harbin Normal University

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Alan Warren

Natural History Museum

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Feng Gao

Ocean University of China

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Xiaozhong Hu

Ocean University of China

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Hongbo Pan

Shanghai Ocean University

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