Xiuhua Gao

Effects of dietary copper on elemental balance, plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of growing-furring male mink (Mustela vison)

The objectives of this study were to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on copper and zinc balance, plasma minerals and serum biochemical parameters of mink in the growing-furring periods. One hundred and five standard dark male mink were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu (Control); basal diet supplemented with either 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, or 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulfate, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) linearly (P = 0.0026, P = 0.0006) responded to increasing levels of Cu; maximal growth was seen in the Cu24 group. Feed efficiency tended to improve with the increase of dietary copper level (linear P = 0.0010, quad, P = 0.0011). Fecal copper, urinary copper, retention copper responded in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion with increasing level of Cu. The effect of level of Cu was linear (P < 0.001) for plasma Cu concentration. The serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were increased linearly (P < 0.05) with dose of Cu, but serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) concentrations decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary copper levels increased. Effect of level of Cu was linear (P < 0.001) for serum ceruloplasmin (CER) concentration or Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.011) and total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.007). Our results indicated that the activity of Cu-dependent enzymes was enhanced by increasing dietary Cu concentration and that supplementation of Cu in the diet of mink could alter the plasma lipid profile and copper concentration.

Effects of dietary copper on organ indexes, tissular Cu, Zn and Fe deposition and fur quality of growing-furring male mink (Mustela vison).

The objectives of this study were to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on organ indexes, tissular Cu, Zn and Fe deposition and fur quality of mink in the growing-furring periods. One hundred and five standard dark male mink were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu (Control); basal diet supplemented with either 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate, respectively. The colour intensity scores displayed a linear trend (P = 0.057). The spleen Cu concentrations responded in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion with increasing level of Cu, but copper supplementation did not affect speen concentrations of Fe or Zn. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu and Fe concentrations but did not alter (P > 0.10) liver Zn. Our results indicate that Cu plays an important role in the pigmentation in growing-furring mink, and supplemental dietary Cu in growing-furring mink improve hair colour, and copper has limited effects on liver mineral deposition.

Effects of dry dietary protein on digestibility, nitrogen-balance and growth performance of young male mink

The experiment was to study the nutrient digestibility and metabolism performance of male minks, which were fed different protein level diets during growth period. Effects of protein quantity on growth and development of minks and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also investigated. Sixty healthy male minks of 45 d were randomly allocated into six groups with ten replicates, which was one sable for each replicate. The minks in six groups were fed diets in which protein levels were 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38%, respectively. The six groups were denoted as P28, P30, P32, P34, P36 and P38. After 2 wk, all minks were weighed, average daily gains (ADG) were calculated, and the digestibility values of nutrients were determined. The results indicated that digestibility of calcium, nitrogen of fence, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization (NPU), and biological value of protein (BV) were similar (P > 0.05), however, nitrogen intake greatly varied among groups (P < 0.01). Compared with group P28, groups of P34, P36 and P38 showed significant difference (P < 0.01) in ADG and FCR. In conclusion, it was recommended that adding 34% protein to mink diet would optimize production parameters including ADG, digestibility of nutrition, and FCR, and negative result was observed when diet protein was lower than 28%.

Application of formulated diets and their effects on nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink (Neovison vison) during gestation

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the possibility of total replacement of conventional diet by formulated experimental feed in farmed mink during gestation. Ninety female mink (Neovison vison) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group was fed conventional diet with normal (36%, C) protein level composed of fresh or frozen animal by-products and extruded corn. Formulated experimental diets contained animal meals, vegetable ingredients and fat, with normal (36%, E1) or high (44%, E2) protein level, and were mixed with water prior to administration. Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N)-balance and reproductive performance were determined to compare the effect of diets fed to female mink during gestation. Mink fed both experimental diets had lower nutrient digestibility than the control. Higher barren females, decreased birth survival rate and birth weight were noted for the two experimental groups, especially diet E1 with normal dietary protein, indicating impaired reproduction performance, but signs of improvement were seen in the experimental group with high protein level (44%, E2).

Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indicators of female blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of female blue foxes. One hundred primiparous female blue foxes that were similar in breeding date, pedigree, age, and weight were selected for the trial. The foxes were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 25 each group) and fed diets supplemented with Met at 2 (Met2), 4 (Met4), 6 (Met6) and 8 g/kg (Met8), respectively, for 40 days. Our data showed that body weights at 20 and 40 d were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met2 group (P < 0.05). The Met4 group also had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the Met2, Met6, or Met8 group (P < 0.05). The serum Met and isoleucine (Ile) concentrations were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met6 or Met8 group (P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that supplementary Met improves growth performance of cubs likely due to increased crude protein and dry matter and increased nitrogen retention of female blue foxes. The optimal amount of Met supplementation is 10 g/kg basal diet.