Xuejiao Guan

Streptomyces harbinensis sp. nov., an endophytic, ikarugamycin-producing actinomycete isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr].

A novel ikarugamycin-producing actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-Da3(T), was isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-Da3(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces, and was most closely related to Streptomyces carpaticus NRRL B-16359(T) (99.5 %), Streptomyces cheonanensis VC-A46(T) (99.3 %) and Streptomyces xiamenensis MCCC 1A01550(T) (97.2 %); similarities to other type strains of species of the genus Streptomyces were lower than 97.1 %. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line with S. carpaticus NRRL B-16359(T), S. cheonanensis VC-A46(T) and S. xiamenensis MCCC 1A01550(T). This branching pattern was also supported by the tree reconstructed with the neighbour-joining method. A comparative study between strain NEAU-Da3(T) and the type strains of the closest related species of the genus Streptomyces revealed that it differed from them in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-Da3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces harbinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-Da3(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7047(T) = DSM 42076(T)).

Micromonospora lycii sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from wolfberry root (Lycium chinense Mill).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-gq11T, was isolated from wolfberry root (Lycium chinense Mill) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NEAU-gq11T was observed to form rough-surfaced spores that borne singly on the substrate hyphae but aerial mycelia were not developed. The organism showed closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Micromonospora saelicesensis Lupac 09T (99.4%), and phylogenetically clustered with M. chokoriensis 2–19/6T (99.3%), ‘M. zeae’ NEAU-gq9T (99.3%), M. violae NEAU-zh8T (99.1%), ‘M. jinlongensis’ NEAU-GRX11T (99.1%), M. zamorensis CR38T (99.0%), M. taraxaci NEAU-P5T (98.9%) and M. lupini Lupac 14NT (98.6%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene sequences also indicated that the isolate clustered with the above type strains except M. violae NEAU-zh8T. The cell-wall peptidoglycan consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H2). The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acid was iso-C16:0. Furthermore, some physiological and biochemical properties and low DNA–DNA relatedness values enabled the strain to be differentiated from members of closely related species. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-gq11T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora lycii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-gq11T (=CGMCC 4.7149T=DSM 46703T).

Nocardia camponoti sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the head of an ant (Camponotus japonicas Mayr).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain 1H-HV4T, was isolated from the head of Camponotus japonicas Mayr, which was collected from Northeast Agriculture University (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China). Chemotaxonomic properties of this strain were consistent with those of members of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4,ω-cycl). The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids were identified as C18:0 10-methyl, C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C16:1ω7c. Mycolic acids were found to be present. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also showed that strain 1H-HV4T was a member of the genus Nocardia, with the highest sequence similarities to Nocardia salmonicida JCM 4826T (97.39%), Nocardia soli JCM 11441T (97.12%) and Nocardia cummidelens JCM 11439T (97.08%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to type strains of other members of the genus Nocardia were less than 97%. However, DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain1H-HV4T was clearly distinguished from all closely related species of the genus Nocardia. It is concluded that the isolate can be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia camponoti is proposed. The type strain is 1H-HV4T (=DSM 100526T=CGMCC 4.7278T).

Streptomyces polygonati sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from a root of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-G9T, was isolated from the root of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang province, north China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties confirmed the affiliation of strain NEAU-G9T to the genus Streptomyces. Strain NEAU-G9T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4). The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0.16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-G9T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and exhibits the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces yanglinensis JCM 13275T (97.75 %). However, phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-G9T is most closely related to Streptomyces misakiensis JCM 4062T (97.12 % sequence similarity). A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-G9T can be clearly distinguished from S. yanglinensis JCM 13275T and S. misakiensis JCM 4062T. Consequently, strain NEAU-G9T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces polygonati sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-G9T ( = CGMCC 4.7237T = DSM 100521T).

Saccharothrix carnea sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-yn17(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected at the wastewater discharge site of a pesticide factory in Harbin, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-yn17(T) were consistent with the description of the genus Saccharothrix, such as the spore arrangement, the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysates, the predominant menaquinone and the phospholipid profile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) should also be classified in the genus Saccharothrix, with Saccharothrix saharensis DSM 45456(T) (99.52 % sequence similarity) and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis JCM 12329(T) (99.04 %) as the nearest phylogenetic relatives. A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-yn17(T) can be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-yn17(T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix carnea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-yn17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7097(T) = DSM 45878(T)).

Plantactinosporasoyae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr]

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-gxj3T, was isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NEAU-gxj3T showed highest similarity to those of Micromonospora equina Y22T (98.2 %) and Plantactinospora endophytica YIM 68255T (98.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene demonstrated that the isolate clustered with the members of the genus Plantactinospora. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-gxj3Twere also consistent with those of members of the genus Plantactinospora. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars were xylose, glucose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6), MK-9(H8), MK-10(H2) and MK-10(H4). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0. A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization result and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-gxj3Tcould be differentiated clearly from its closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, the strain is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora, for which the name Plantactinospora soyae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-gxj3T (=CGMCC 4.7221T=DSM 46832T).

Erratum to: Lysinibacillus endophyticus sp. nov., an indole-3-acetic acid producing endophytic bacterium isolated from corn root (Zea mays cv. Xinken-5)

A Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rodshaped bacterium, designated strain C9, was isolated from surface sterilised corn roots (Zea mays cv. Xinken-5) and found to be able to produce indole-3acetic acid. A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out to determine the status of strain C9. The major cellular fatty acids were found to contain iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, and the only menaquinone was identified as MK-7. The polar lipid profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to be of the A4a L-Lys-D-Asp type and the whole cell sugar was found to be glucose. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain C9 belongs to the genus Lysinibacillus and is closely related to Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi NBRC 108948 (98.1 % similarity) and Lysinibacillus sinduriensis DSM 27595 (98.0 %). However, the low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness and some differential phenotypic characteristics allowed the strain to be distinguished from its close relatives. Therefore, it is concluded that strain C9 represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C9 (=DSM 100506 = CGMCC 1.15291).

Baia soyae gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic representative of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr].

A mesophilic, endophytic, filamentous bacterium, designated strain NEAU-gxj18T, was isolated from soybean root [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Growth was observed at 20–40 °C (optimum 37 °C). Aerial mycelium was absent on all the media tested. Substrate mycelia were well-developed and formed abundant single endospores with smooth surfaces. The only menaquinone was MK-7.The diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were ribose, glucose and galactose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C13 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one undientified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 49.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-gxj18T was phylogenetically related to members of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, with the highest sequence similarity to Geothermomicrobium terrae YIM 77562T (93.35 %). On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-gxj18T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which the name Baia soyae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is NEAU-gxj18T ( = CGMCC 4.7223T = DSM 46831T).