Xufeng Zhao

Standard Replacement Policies

To begin with, this chapter gives three standard replacement models that have been obtained as basic replacement policies for an operating unit with shock and damage (Nakagawa Shock and damage models in reliability theory. Springer, London, [2].

Replacement Overtime and Middle Policies

Originally, replacement last was discussed to replace an operating unit without stopping successive working cycles by Zhao and Nakagawa (Eur J Oper Res 223:141–149, 2012, [7]); however, the approach of replacing over a planned measure, i.e., delaying replacement actions over the planned time T until the running works have been completed by Nakagawa (Advanced reliability models and maintenance policies. Springer, London, 2008, [30]), was provided as another choice to make replacement easier.

Replacement Policies with Maintenances

Maintenance actions, such as preventive and corrective maintenances [1], minor and major maintenances [39], routine and non-routine maintenances [40, 41], etc., have been proposed in pairs in literatures.

Replacement Last Policies

In theory, a new counter approach of whichever triggering event occurs last for the replacement policy with two PR scenarios should be considered rather than only the approach of whichever triggering event occurs first in Chap. 2 has been applied.

Replacement Policies with Repairs

In real situation, the damaged unit has probabilities of minor failures (or malfunctions) at shock times, in which case, minimal repairs that cost less are always considered to resume quickly the operation of unit.

Other Maintenance Models

In order to conduct safe and economical maintenance strategy, modeling and analysis of the damage due to shocks in an analytical way plays an important role in reliability theory and engineering.

Replacement Policies with Independent Damages

In general, an operating unit degrades gradually with additive damage cumulated by shocks in a stochastic way.

Database Maintenance Models

Database, a set of data and the way they are organized (Silberschatz et al. Database system concepts. McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, [51]), has now become the lifeblood for some organizations in this modern society.