Y. Ishitsuka

Usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy for extramammary Paget disease.

In the present study, we sequenced the RPL21 gene in a Chinese family and could not find any variant. However, we identified a recurrent mutation, c.26T>G (p.Leu9Arg), in the APCDD1 gene. The mutation p.Leu9Arg is located within the cleavage site of the APCDD1 protein which has been shown to be highly conserved during evolution among dog, horse, mouse and bat, and may be critical for the function of the protein.

Facial nerve morbidity following facial nerve preservation surgery for the treatment of skin cancer of the head and neck

References 1 Trelles MA. Phototherapy in anti-aging and its photobiologic basics: a new approach to skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2006; 5: 87–91. 2 Sommer AP, Zhu D. From microtornadoes to facial rejuvenation: implication of interfacial water layers. Cryst Growth Des 2008; 8: 3889–3892. 3 McDaniel DH, Weiss RA, Geronemus RG et al. Varying ratios of wavelengths in dual wavelength LED photomodulation alters gene expression profiles in human skin fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 2010; 42: 540–545. 4 Barolet D. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2008; 27: 227–238. 5 Mester E, Mester AF, Mester A. The biomedical effects of laser application. Lasers Surg Med 1985; 5: 31–39. 6 Whelan HT, Smits RL Jr, Buchman EV et al. Effect of NASA lightemitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001; 19: 305–314. 7 Minatel DG, Frade MA, França SC, Enwemeka CS. Phototherapy promotes healing of chronic diabetic leg ulcers that failed to respond to other therapies. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41: 433–441. 8 Sommer AP, Pinheiro AL, Mester AR et al. Biostimulatory windows in low-intensity laser activation: lasers, scanners, and NASA’s lightemitting diode array system. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001; 19: 29–33. 9 Gao X, Xing D. Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16: 4. 10 Liebmann J, Born M, Kolb-Bachofen V. Blue-light irradiation regulates proliferation and differentiation in human skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 259–269. 11 Calles C, Schneider M, Macaluso F et al. Infrared A radiation influences the skin fibroblast transcriptome: mechanisms and consequences. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 1524–1536.

Programmed cell death 1 blockade‐induced cutaneous sarcoid‐like epithelioid granulomas in advanced melanoma: a case report

A. de la Fouchardi ere, B. Vergier, A. Ta€ıeb Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Disorders, Hôpital des enfants Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bordeaux, place Am elie Raba L eon, Bordeaux, 33000, France, Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-L evêque, Avenue De Magellan, 33600, Pessac, France, Biopathology Department, Centre L eon B erard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France, Department of Pathology, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France *Correspondence: F. Morice-Picard. E-mail: fanny.morice-picard@chubordeaux.fr

A case of cutaneous angiosarcoma successfully treated with eribulin

Different pathways have been proposed to explain the apoptotic effects of local anaesthetics, such as extracellular signalling-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B-mediated processes [9, 10]. Earlier reports from our team have shown that in HaCaT cells, ROP induced apoptosis through the cleavage of PARP caspase substrate, and the downregulation of clusterin/apoliporotein J, a cell survival protein [7]. Nevertheless, in distinct settings, the cytotoxicity of local anaesthetics may theoretically be beneficial, for example, by clearing up ectopic epithelial cells which have been relocated during skin surgery, thus supporting wound site remodelling. Also, apoptotic in situ effects of LEV and ROP might also compromise the viability of malignant cells during skin cancer surgery. In conclusion, compared to ROP, LEV exerted greater acute cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells, regarding particularly apoptosis at lower drug concentrations (0.4 mg/mL), whereas colony forming efficiency and size of HaCaT cells (indicators of cell population recovery capacity) were better preserved with LEV. Although conclusions based on studies on cell lines may not be directly applicable to clinical practice, the results presented here may be considered during the planning of future trials.

Skin resident memory T-cell population is not constructed effectively in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by tissue fibrosis, vascular damage and dysregulation of immune system1 . Regarding the contribution of circulating T cells, over-production of IL-13 by circulating effector/memory T cells is reported to be critical for more severe cutaneous disease2 . Another report demonstrates that a dysfunction of regulatory T cells with lower CD69 expression underlies the immune dysfunction in SSc. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Diffuse erythema with ‘angel wings’ sign in Japanese patients with anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme antibody-associated dermatomyositis

Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are closely associated with distinct clinical subsets of dermatomyositis (DM). In 2007, a novel MSA-reacting small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) was identified in some patients with DM characterised by extensive rash and dysphagia1 . Owing to the low proportion of patients with DM having the anti-SAE antibody (1.5%-3% in Asia2-4 and 6.7%-8.4% in Europe5-7 among all patients with DM), their clinical features have not been sufficiently analysed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.