Y. Odori

Experimental gastroduodenal ulcer induced by synthesized tetragastrin in rats. (VI)

ConclusionsMost case of gastrin induced ulcers were observed predominantly in duodeuum and, therefore, especially in duodenal ulcer the role of gastroduodenal motility may be not evident as a causative factor.

The finding of FDS, especially of descending duodenum

The endoscopy for the digestive tract has achieved marked advance in these days, permitting to carry out the direct visual observation and the biopsy at almost every site of the whole canal. In the duodenum, it is possible even to take the backward Vr However, most of these techniques have been applied to the morphological examination, giving little consideration to the functional or physiological aspects. The authors have developed a new technique for the functional examination of the Vaters papilla and its surroundigns, by recording, under the direct visual control, the smooth muscle electromyogram with a pair of electrodes atached to its tip and grounding wire and lead wires sealed within, inserted through the forceps channel of the duodenoscope. As the electrode, a silver wire coated with silverchloride of 0.3 mm diameter and 5 mm lentgh was soldered to an enamel-coated wire of diameter approximately 0.3 mm. A pair of such electrodes were fixed in parallel at a space of 0.5 mm and sealed in a vinyl tube of 2 mm diameter. The bioelectrical signals picked up by this electrode were fed into a recorder. For the pretreatment, the mucosa was anesthetized with xylocaine and buscopan. After the insertion of F. D. S. and the application of electrodes, the state of reduced noises and stabilization was considered as the reference, and the drug reaction was checked with buscopan, morphine chloride, and atropine, which had been previously evaluated. Among 30 cases examined, the duration of discharge, the number of discharge bursts and the number of discharges in a burst were measured in two cases each derived from the papilla and a point approximately 1 cm away from it and a case of choledocholithiasis. The result of drug reaction was in accord with the general property of smooth muscle electromyogram, since morphine augmented the discharge activity of Oddis sphincter. The present method of E. M. G. lead will supposedly provide a stride beyond the existing technique for electromyogram study of the human smooth muscles in which the lead electrode was positioned surgically or radiographically.

On the gastrotrophic action of gastrin tetrapeptide

ConclusionThe hyperplasia of parietal cell occurs by continuous administration of gastrin suspended by 16% gelatin. The gastrone and secretin inhibit the gastrotrophic action of gastrin tetrapeptide.

The thermometry of gastric mucosa

related to the fa te of any bleeding gas t r ic lesion, the re fo re knowing the c h a n g e in the gas t r ic blood flow which occurs wi th gas t r ic b leeding or wi th blood t r an s fu s s ion is cl inically wor thwhi le . In th is regard , an e x p e r i m e n t a l s t udy was conduc t ed in the dogs. Blood in the a m o u n t equ iva len t to 3.0% of the body weight was d r a w n f rom a b r anch of the left gas t r ic a r te ry and t h e n th is blood was t r a n s f u s e d into the s a m e dog. D u r i n g these procedures , the blood flow of the left gastroepiploic a r t e ry was m e a s u r e d by an e l ec t romagne t i c flow me te r and the f emora l a r te r ia l p res su re was checked as well. As resul t , a t r end was observed t ha t the ra te of gas t r ic blood flow s l ight ly inc reases du r ing and af te r (1 hour) gas t r i c b leeding and t ha t it t h e n keeps gross ly c o n s t a n t du r ing and af ter (1 hour) blood t r an s fu s i on . T h u s , it is unl ike ly tha t gas t r ic b leeding m i g h t r educe the func t iona l act ivi ty of the s t o m a c h or tha t blood t r a n s f u s i o n m i g h t p romote the gas t r ic blood flow and cause r ecu r rence of gas t r ic b leeding.

Clinical study on gastric acid and pepsin relation between caffeine and gastrin method

Male albumino rats, weighing between 200 and 400 g, were fasted for 48 hours and divided into two groups. A group of rats were anesthet ized with ure thane and another group were given stress by confinement. Stomach was drained with a canula and perfused with saline at a cons tant flow rate. The fluid was collected every 30 minites. Gastrin was given by a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate between 5 and 160 microgram/kg/hr for 24 hours. Secretion of gastric acid at a cons tant rate was obtained at least for 24 hours in these conditions. In anesthetized rats, the acid secretion in response to gastr in increased with increasing doses of gastr in from 5 to 40 microgram/kg/hr . Maximal response was produced by 40 microgram/kg/hr and followed by a decline of the secretion with fur ther increase in the dose of gastr in f rom 40 to 100 microgram, After minimal response to gastr in was obtained, the acid secretion increased again with increasing doses from 100 to 160 microgram/kg/hr . Thus , two phases of st imulation, the initial and the late phase, were obtained in the dose-response curve, and the response to gastr in 160 microgram/kg/hr was almost the same as the response to gastr in 40 microgram/kg/hr . Ulcerative lesions in the gastric mucosal membrane were reported previously by us in the rats following infusion of large amount of gastr in. These lesions seem to have relation to the increase in the output of gastric acid in the late phase of the dose response curve in the present experiment. In the s tress group, the basal secretion of gastric acid was higher than in the anesthetized group. Maximal response was obtained by gastr in at a dose between 20 and 40 microgram/kg/hr . The acid output at the maximal response was almost the same in the anesthetized group. The high level of acid output in the stress group with 0 and submaximal doses of gastr in mus t be due to the endogenous gastr in secretion caused by nervous st imulation.

On the inhibition of gastrin induced ulcer by gastrointestinal hormones

Trying to clealify the gastric acid, pepsin and protein secretion systems, we made use of the perfusion method on rat stomach (Schilds rat). Effects of tetragastrin, dextran sulfate and hydrocotisone were examined on pH, conductivity, pepsin activity and protein concentration successively. Following the i.v. administration of each dose of tetragastrin (0.032--2.0/~g), pH curve declined instantenously, while the conductivity, pepsin activity and protein concentration rose almost simultaneously. These pat terns gradually returned to normal level within 40 minutes to 1 hour which were well reproducible for 6 hours. Good dose responces were observed with the maximal dose of tetragastrin (1.0 pg). Dextran sulfate (1--12mg/100g i .v . )which has been said to inhibit pepsin activity in vitro, seemed to have no effects on pH, pepsin activity and protein concentration and did not move the maximal gastrin pattern. However, it is very interesting that remarkable increase of pepsin activity and protein concentration were observed 4 hours after i.v. administration of hydrocortisone (2--10 mg/100 g), while the pH remained almost flat. This finding is very suggestive to the pharmacological actions of hydrocortisone on the gastric mucosa.

A study of gastrin induced ulcer

Histamine-stimulated gastric secretion was inhibited by enterogastrone, but not inhibited by secretin or CCK/PZ, while gastrin-stimulated gastric secretion was inhibited by these three duodenal hormones. From the results of this experiment, we concluded that the site of action of gastr in is separated from that of histamine, and that enterogastrone inhibits gastric secretion acting at the site where histamine acts; CCK/PZ, acting at the site where gastrin act to produce gastric secretion, inhibit gastric secretion.

A basic and clinical study on the papilla vateri

Fresh materials of 35 dissections were utilized for X-ray exposure of duodenal papilla vateri and the adjacent biliary tract in order to examine the inter-relation among the form of papilla, its size and the terminal portion of the common bile duct and afterwards the tissue of the papilla and its neighbourhood was microscopically reviewed. Furthermore hypotonic duodenography, cholangiography and the functional examination of pancreas were tried to 95 clinical cases, including some biopsies of the papilla. From these trials the following results were obtained. 1) Marked fibrous proliferation was histologically encountered in case of large papilla longer than 15mm in longitudinal diameter, though its form should be taken into consideration when we discuss the size of papilla. 2) Many of popillas longer than 15mm were related to the disorders in gall bladder, bile duct or pancreas. In such case the stenosing figure was radiographically found at the terminal portion of common duct and the maximal diameter throughout the common bile duct was inclined to be wider than 7 ram. These results show that papilla vateri longer than 15 mm in diameter hints at possible pancreatic or biliary tract diseases and neccessiates a full clinical investigation of them. It is also to be considered in the course of treatment.

The study of the experimental peptic ulcer —Histamine and serotonin

Though it has been commonly said tha t it is extremely difficult to produce centra l gas t r ic and duodenal ulcers in dogs, the authors have succeeded in producing such ulcers in 40 exper imental cases. This procedure is to inject small dosis of Toyomycin into the cerebrum with s imultaneous inject ion of reserpin subcutaneously. The details of this method has been reported at the general meet ing of the Japan Gastroenterological Society held th is spring. From our exper iments , it is possible to say tha t ulcer may be produced when the area of s t imula t ionis at the hypothalamus and also by s t imula t ion of the tha lamus. It is also interest ing to note tha t all cases with cortical d is turbances resul ted with format ion of ulcer. Though this experiment was done with s imultaneous inject ion of reserpin, it is difficult to consider tha t the basal nucleus is the only focus for dis turbance of ulcer formation. There were some points of differences on the ulceration in the exper imenta l ulcers in dogs from the autopsy findings of hypertensive in t racerebra l bleeding. Ulcers were mainly l imited to the pyloric an t rum and the upper duodenum. There was no re la t ion between the area of central s t imulat ion and that of ulcer formation.