Yaeko Yamashita

Algorithms for estimating bus arrival times using GPS data

This paper presents a method to estimate bus arrival times at bus stops using GPS information, which was implemented in the SITCUO-Information System for Urban Bus Transportation, in Brasilia. The model consists of a main algorithm and two sub algorithms to determine the position and the speed of the bus en route. When using the speed information from the GPS, the arrival time at the stop point will be infinite if the vehicle is stationary. With the improved method and empirical calibration, the results from the developed model were found to be satisfactory in the implementation and experiment.

Neural network for travel demand forecast using GIS and remote sensing

Describes an application of neural networks in the development of a travel forecast model for transportation planning. The model intends to quantify trips within the urban area through the representation of the land use-transportation system interaction. The data to express such a complex interaction is mainly obtained from remote sensing images that are processed in a geographical information system. We present the models basic formulation and the results of a case study conducted in the Boston metropolitan area.

A new approach to multiple vehicle tracking in intersections using harris corners and adaptive background subtraction

This work presents a new methodology based on video processing for recording and counting vehicles in intersections and urban roads, allowing the control and management of urban traffic and support to inspection of public road security in large cities. The aim of this work is to show the viability of computer vision techniques for the construction of a portable equipment able to perform urban vehicles flow counting and classification into routes in an automatic way and in real time. Image processing techniques, such as background subtraction, definition and tracking of object features are used in the prototype development and implementation. The obtained results show the viability of use of the proposed portable monitoring system in real-time, achieving correct rates in the vehicle counting of about 96% for simple roads and 72% at complex intersections.

Collaborative Decision Making in Departure Sequencing With an Adapted Rubinstein Protocol

Collaborative decision making (CDM) is an operational paradigm where the decisions are based on complete, shared, and up-to-date information among all the stakeholders involved in air traffic flow management. Such stakeholders include air traffic controllers and airlines. However, in Brazil, these operations are still coordinated manually by human controllers. We propose a novel, collaborative approach to decide departure sequencing in airports using game theory. Each aircraft is represented as a player in the negotiation process for slot allocation. The collaborative departure management (CoDMAN) system that we propose is designed to provide efficient departure sequencing based on the negotiation among the aircraft in a dynamic scenario modeled under the Rubinstein protocol and CDM principles. A prototype of this system is used to simulate real-world scenarios based on actual flight plans from the Brasília terminal control area (TMA). Using CoDMAN for departure sequencing reduces the observed delays of aircraft.

NEURAL GEO-SPATIAL MODEL: A STRATEGIC PLANNING TOOL FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION

A strategic planning model for urban transportation analysis is presented. This model is based on the incorporation and representation of the land use-transportation system interaction under a spatial-temporal approach to forecast travel demand within urban areas. This conception becomes possible due to the integration of Neural Networks (NN), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). A case study in Boston Metropolitan Area was conducted to verify the efficiency of the model and evaluate the best NN structure and also changes in the hidden and output layers were simulated. A recognition rate of 94% was reached expressing the successful definition of the NN. It does mean that the integration of techniques used in this model is appropriated.

Fiscal Feasibility Assessment Applied to Transport Infrastructure Projects

The demand for transport infrastructure investment is a latent issue for several countries, mainly for developing countries. However, investments in major logistics projects should be carefully evaluated, in order that their deployment induces development without endangering fiscal sustainability by excessive public indebtedness. Fiscal accounting practices used currently in the feasibility studies of transport infrastructures in Brazil are very limited, as they do not consider indirect and induced effects of the infrastructure investment in the fiscal evaluation. In addition, the corresponding influence area has not an established delimitation method. The aim of the present paper is to develop a model for calculating economic and fiscal impacts of transport infrastructure investment projects that includes the direct, indirect and induced effects within a reference area do be determined. First, different project assessment guides in Brazil and abroad are examined with a special focus on the assessment of economic and fiscal impacts of the projects. Based on the assessment experience and on the definition of the fiscal balance of an infrastructure project, the next step sets up a framework for the calculation of the impacts, using more simplified data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4116

Neural Geo-spatial Model For Urban And Transportation Sustainability – System’s Diagnosis

A strategic planning model for vehicular air pollution analysis is presented. The model is based on the representation of the urban, transportation and environment conditions interacting under a neural geo-spatial approach to forecast vehicular air pollution for the stage of diagnosis, as a contribution for an urban and transportation sustainability. A case study in Nagoya City Area was conducted to verify the efficiency of the model and to evaluate the best NN structure and also changes in the hidden and output layers were simulated. The result reached expresses an efficient definition of the NN, and also allows the continuance of the research. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E114352.

Commercial Consolidation Model Applied to Transport Infrastructure

Since the 1990s, transport concessions, including public-private partnerships (PPPs), have been increasingly adopted by governments as an alternative for financing and operations in public investments, especially in transport infrastructure. The advantage pointed out by proponents of these models lies in merging the expertise and capital of the private sector to the public interest. Several arrangements are possible and have been employed in different cases. After the duration of the first PPP contracts in transportation, many authors have analyzed the success and failure factors of partnerships. The occurrence of failures in some stages of the process can greatly encumber the public administration, incurring losses to the fiscal responsibility of the competent bodies. This article aims to propose a new commercial consolidation model applied to transport infrastructure to ensure fiscal sustainability and overcome the weaknesses of current models. Initially, a systematic review of the literature covering studies on transport concessions between 1990 and 2015 is offered, where the different approaches between various countries are compared and the critical success factors indicated in the studies are identified. In the subsequent part of the paper, an approach for the commercial consolidation of the infrastructure concessions is presented, where the concessionary is paid following a finalistic performance model, which includes the overall fiscal balance of regional growth. Finally, the papers analyses the usefulness of the model in coping with the critical success factors explained before. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4104

The local best mixture of municipal bus and club one in the long run

Unlicensed membership buses have run over the geographical niches only in rush hour in some cities of Brazil. The municipal one then shifts to play the role of satisfying the civil minimum. Some users may think of reserving the membership or not for only the daily use, while they would pay the tax regardless of using the municipal ones. The portion of the two types can equilibrate according to the demands and capacities. We formulate a game model to track the process of market change, and then clarify whether the city may achieve the best mixture of bus service.

The development of a paramics Web external interface - PWeb

This paper describes the development of a Web external interface (PWeb) to link the dynamic traffic control simulator: Paramics with real traffic controllers. The Web-based interface is used to administrate the access of multiple controllers to paramics SNMP external interface during the simulation process, to prevent conflicts among the controllers and to improve the efficiency of the usage of paramics data input/output. A rule-based system and the connection to the database were developed to arrange the priority of the data to access paramics. The proposed Web interface has a potential to be applied in online simulations to calibrate paramics microscopic traffic simulation models.