Yagmur Sener

Effects of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine Mouth Rinses on the Bond Strength of an Orthodontic Composite

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of two antibacterial mouth rinses to etched and unetched enamel affects the shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic composite resin. Eighty-five lower human incisors were divided into five groups, ie, group 1: control group, no mouth rinse was used; groups 2 and 3: mouth rinses were applied to the intact enamel surface before etching; groups 4 and 5: mouth rinses were applied to the etched enamel. A bonding agent and a composite resin were applied to the teeth surface. For shear bond testing, the specimens were mounted in a universal testing machine, and an apparatus attached to a compression load cell was applied to each specimen until failure occurred. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significance tests. Fracture modes were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. There was no statistically significant difference between the SBS values of group 1 (31.64 +/- 3.62 MPa) and group 4-five experimental applications (P > or = .05). However, the SBS value of group 3 (36.56 +/- 5.95 MPa) was significantly larger than those of group 4 (30.00 +/- 4.97 MPa) and group 5 (30.26 +/- 7.30 MPa). In addition, no significant differences were observed between group 1 and groups 2 (34.33 +/- 7.26 MPa) and 3 (36.56 +/- 5.95 MPa) (P > or = .05). Because the application of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine before acid etching did not cause any decrease in bond strength, it is advisable for use under the orthodontic resin composite to obtain an antibacterial effect or to prevent the risk of bacteremia.

Conventional and high intensity halogen light effects on water sorption and microhardness of orthodontic adhesives.

OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that when the equivalent total light energy is irradiated to three orthodontic adhesive resins, there is no difference between the microhardness and water sorption values regardless of the curing light sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were divided into six groups according to the combination of three orthodontic adhesives (Kurasper F, Light-Bond, Transbond XT) and two light intensities (quartz tungsten halogen [QTH] and high intensity quartz tungsten halogen [HQTH]). One half of each of the 40 samples of three adhesive pastes was polymerized for 20 seconds by a QTH light source, and the other half was polymerized for 10 seconds by a HQTH light source. Water sorption was determined and Vickers hardness was established with three measurements per sample at the top, center, and bottom. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons (Tukey-HSD). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among all adhesives for water sorption and hardness values cured with QTH and HQTH. The HQTH curing unit resulted in higher values than did the QTH. The highest water sorption values were observed for Kurasper F cured with HQTH and the lowest value was observed for Transbond XT cured with QTH. For microhardness Light-Bond cured with HQTH produced the highest values, and Transbond XT cured with QTH produced the lowest. CONCLUSIONS When the equivalent total light energy is irradiated to three orthodontic adhesive resins, there are significant differences between the microhardness and water sorption values cured with the QTH and HQTH light source. The null hypothesis is rejected.

Conventional and High-Intensity Halogen Light Effects on Polymerization Shrinkage of Orthodontic Adhesives

The objectives of this study were to compare the polymerization shrinkage of three orthodontic adhesives. In addition we wanted to determine the effectiveness of the high-intensity quartz tungsten halogen (HQTH) in curing orthodontic adhesives on polymerization shrinkage with that of the quartz tungsten halogen (QTH). A total of 120 glass ring molds were prepared using a low-speed saw. The internal surface of the glass rings were roughened and etched. Adhesive pastes were placed into the glass molds, which were sandwiched between two glass slides. Samples were divided into six groups according to the combination of three orthodontic adhesives (Kurasper F, Light Bond, and Transbond XT) and two light intensities. One half of each 40 samples of three adhesive pastes was polymerized for 20 seconds by a QTH (Hilux 350), and the other half was polymerized for 10 seconds by a HQTH (Optilux 501). The volumetric polymerization shrinkage for each system was measured through the specific density method modified by Puckett and Smith. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance for intergroup comparisons. The HQTH-curing unit resulted in a more polymerization shrinkage than did the QTH for all investigated adhesives. However, no statistically significant differences were found. The highest shrinkage was observed for Light Bond cured with HQTH (1.59 +/- 0.82%), and the lowest value was observed for Transbond XT cured with QTH (1.23 +/- 0.60%). There are no significant differences in polymerization shrinkage of the three investigated orthodontic adhesives when polymerized with a QTH or a HQTH.

Antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in primary molar root canals

Objective: The aim was to determine the antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, ozonated water with ultrasonication, sodium hypochloride and chlorhexidine (CHX) in human primary root canals contaminated by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight extracted human primary molar teeth were used. Crowns were cut off using a diamond saw under water-cooling. One hundred roots were obtained and mechanically prepared. The roots were then sterilized by autoclaving in water for 15 min at 121°C. All samples were contaminated with E. faecalis for 24 h and the root canals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20). Group I: 25 mg/L of Ozonated water (O 3 aq), Group II: 25 mg/L of O 3 aq with ultrasonication, Group III: 2.5% Sodium hypochloride (NaOCl), Group IV: 2% CHX and Group V: Positive control. The canal of each specimen was irrigated for 4 min and positive control was untreated. All root canals were agitated with sterile saline solution. The saline solution was collected from canals with sterile paper points. For each specimen, the paper points were transposed to eppendorf vials containing 2 ml of brain heart infusion. According to bacterial proliferation, the mean values of optical density were achieved by ELέSA (Biotek EL ×800, Absorbance Microplate Reader, ABD) and the data were analyzed. Results: NaOCI, CHX and two types of O 3 aq were found statistically different than positive control group. NaOCI irrigation was found significantly most effective. Conclusions: NaOCl, CHX and O 3 aq applications provide antibacterial effect in vitro conditions in primary root canals.

Effect of different surface treatments on the shear and microtensile bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. Materials and methods. Fifty-two extracted human molars were flattened to obtain dentin surfaces. For SBS assessment 40 teeth were divided into four groups according to their surface treatments (acid etching, Er:YAG laser QSP mode, Er:YAG laser MSP mode and control-SiC) (n = 10). A plastic cylinder was placed over the differently treated dentin surfaces and RMGIC was placed into the rings and polymerized. Twelve teeth were used for the μTBS test. The treated dentin surfaces described above were restored with 4 mm high RMGIC and light cured; then, the specimens were sectioned into serial sticks (n = 15) and μTBS and SBS were tested for failure in a testing machine with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results. Acid etching showed significantly higher SBS than the other groups (p < 0.05). Er:YAG QSP and MSP-treated groups showed higher SBS values than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Er:YAG MSP showed the highest μTBS value followed by acid etching, whereas the control group exhibited the lowest value (p < 0.05) and the differences between the control group and Er:YAG QSP were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The application of Er:YAG MSP mode and acid etching to dentin can be used for improving the bond strength of RMGIC.

Treatment of periodontal abscess caused by occlusal trauma: A case report

Orthodontic treatment has a big role in prevention and treatment of dental malposition. The signs and symptoms experienced by patients with occlusal trauma are mobility of teeth, pain on mastication, and periodontal disease. In this case report, an 8-year-old girl who was noticed to have intraoral swelling by her parents 2 days ago is reported. It was diagnosed as a periodontal abscess caused by occlusal trauma. As a treatment planning, it was decided that abscess be drained and orthodontic appliances be used to eliminate chronic trauma. Root developing and healthy periodontal status were observed following the treatment as a result of 36 months follow-up.

HPLC analysis of eluted monomers released from dental composites containing bioactive glass

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the released residual monomers from composite resins that contain different proportions of bioactive glass (BAG). Methods: Experimental resin composites were prepared by a resin matrix (50% BisGMA and 50% TEGDMA) and inorganic filler with BAG (5, 10 and 30%). Each resin composite was placed in the tooth cavity (n = 5). After polymerisation, samples were immediately immersed in 75% ethanol and 25% deionised water (6 ml) at 37 °C. Residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA and UDMA) that were eluted from the composites for 10 m, 1 h, 1 d, 7 d and 30 d were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at a p < 0.05 significance level. Results: Among the time periods, the fastest released residual monomer was observed in the 10 m elution. The highest amount of released residual monomer from all groups (except the control group) was TEGDMA, whereas this was HEMA for the control group. The amounts of residual monomers eluted from BAG30 were significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The release of the monomer increases in accordance with the increased BAG addition to the composite resins.

Polymerization shrinkage of six different fissure sealants

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the polymerization shrinkage of six proprietary pit and fissure sealants (Helioseal F, Fissurit FX, Smartseal & loc F, Dyract Seal, Clinpro TM Sealant, Teethmate F-1). Materials and Methods: A total of 120 glass ring molds (8.5 mm in inner diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared after which the internal surface of the molds were etched with hydrofluoric acid for 5 min. The test materials (n = 20/group) were placed into the molds and thereafter sandwiched between two glass slides. All groups were polymerized for 20 s using a high-intensity quartz tungsten halogen (HQTH) light unit (Optilux 501). The volumetric polymerization shrinkage for each pits and fissure sealant was measured using the specific density method modified by Puckett and Smith. All data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test at P < 0.05. Results: A ranking for the shrinkage values were obtained as follows: Teethmate F-1 (7.40 ± 1.17%) > Clinpro TM Sealant (6.60 ± 1.54%) > Dyract Seal (5.38 ± 1.30%) > Smartseal & loc F (5.06 ± 1.22%) > Fissurit FX (4.30 ± 1.15%) > Helioseal F (3.30 ± 0.69%). Clinpro TM Sealant and Teethmate F-1 displayed the highest shrinkage values (P < 0.05). The lowest shrinkage values were obtained with Helioseal F (3.30 ± 0.69%) and Fissurit FX (4.30 ± 1.15%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the experimental conditions of the present study, sealant materials containing higher concentrations of fillers displayed lower polymerization shrinkage values.

Influence of soft drinks on dental enamel: An in vitro study

This in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive potential of four soft drinks at different times on bovine teeth by profilometry. Bovine incisors buccal side was sectioned with a diamond saw and a total of 100 enamel blocks were prepared (8 × 4 × 0.5 mm). Five specimens each were exposed to 60 ml of soft drinks (Sprite, Coca Cola, Cappy-orange and Ayran) for 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes in a continuously vibrating soft drinks bath in a beaker at room temperature. Surface loss of the specimens was determined with a profilometry. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test. Loss of enamel was observed in Coca Cola, Cappy and Sprite groups. Coca Cola was significantly higher erosive potential in 180 minutes than other soft drinks (p < 0.05). Ayran was no sign of erosive potential in all time. It can be concluded that the composition of the beverages had a significant effect on dental erosion, so consumption of Ayran can be advised.

Determination of fluoride levels after brewing in three Turkish black tea products

The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels at two different brewing times of 15 samples with different production dates belonging to each of the three different tea products, which were grown and served as commercial products in Turkey. In this study, 15 samples of each tea products (Filiz Çay, Rize Turist Çayı, Doğuş Karadeniz Lüks Rize Çayı) with different production dates were steeped with double-distilled de-ionized water (1% m/V) at two different brewing times (5-10 min). The fluoride levels of all samples were measured with combined fluoride electrode. The average fluoride value after five minutes of brewing was found as 1.66 ppm in the Rize Turist Çayı group, 1.69 ppm in the Doğuş Karadeniz Lüks Rize Çayı group, and 1.38 ppm in the Filiz Çay group. The average fluoride value after ten minutes of brewing of the Rize Turist Çayı group was 1.87 ppm. Doğuş Karadeniz Lüks Rize Çayı group was 1.88 ppm, and the Filiz Çay group was 1.53 ppm. While there were no statistical differences between Rize Turist Çayı and Doğuş Karadeniz Lüks Rize Çayı, the fluoride level of Filiz Çayı was found lower than the other products. Fluoride levels of tea samples suggested that tea consumption is an important source on daily fluoride intake.