Yann Rogaume

TG-FTIR kinetic study of the thermal cleaning of wood laminated flooring waste

The enhancement of wood waste is a promising solution for the production of energy from renewable resources. Nevertheless, wood waste often needs a preliminary treatment step to remove pollutants present in the material. The thermal cleaning of wood laminated flooring (WLF) waste is studied through thermogravimetric and FTIR analyses. As a first step, it has been shown, through non iso-thermal tests, that degradation temperature ranges for wood and additives (aminoplast resins) are different, making it possible to proceed to a thermal cleaning through a low temperature pyrolysis. It has also been highlighted that chemical linkages between the different components of WLF waste influence their own thermal behaviour making it difficult to predict the thermal behaviour of the whole material. Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry analyses reveal that NH3 and HNCO are the main nitrogen-containing gases produced during pyrolysis, which highlights the pyrolysis efficiency in terms of nitrogen (i.e., resin) removing. Lastly, thermal degradation of wood and WLF has been modelled to provide information for reactor designing.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SORPTION BEHAVIOR AND MASS TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF FOUR CENTRAL AFRICA TROPICAL WOODS: AYOUS, SAPELE, FRAKE, LOTOFA

This study provides the sorption isotherm, its hysteresis and their mass transfer properties of four Central Africa Tropical woods widely used for building construction: frake (Terminalia Superba), lotofa (Sterculia Rhinopetala), sapele (Entandrophragma Cylindricum) and ayous (Triplochiton Scleroxylon). Characterization of these four species in particular and Central Africa tropical woods in general were necessary to develop conservation and treatment of wood after first transformation using the drying. Also, moisture transport on wooden material used such as wall buildings can be facilitating to found the thermal comfort. Measurements of isotherms were performed using a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus (Surface Measurement Systems) at 20 and 40°C with air relative humidity ranged from 0% to 90%. Mass diffusivity was determined in steady state using a specific vaporimeter. Air permeability was determined using a specialized device developed to measure over a wide range of permeability values. Permeability and mass transfer properties were determined in the tangential direction with a ‘’false’’ quartersawn board (sapele and lotofa) and in the radial direction with a flatsawn board (ayous and frake). Samples of sapele, ayous and frake are heartwood when lotofa contains as well as heartwood than sapwood. Results obtained showed that the temperature effect on sorption behavior was quite low. We observed also a low difference between the sorption behavior of these different species and hysteresis of sorption decreases when temperature increases. Hailwood-Horrobin model’s explains plausibly the experimental sorption isotherms data. Results on characterization of mass transfer properties showed that, in the steady state, mass diffusivity decreases exponentially when basal density increases. Mass diffusivity was higher in desorption than in adsorption phase. The gaseous permeability of these species was between than those of Australian hardwoods and temperate woods. It was difficult to define a relationship between permeability and mass diffusivity.

Sorption behavior of four tropical woods using a dynamic vapor sorption standard analysis system

Sorption behavior of four tropical woods coming from Cameroon is studied using a Dynamic Vapor Sorption-Intrinsic apparatus. Sorption isotherms at 20°C and 40°C of Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche), Entandrophragma cylindricum (sapele), Sterculia rhinopetala (lotofa) and Terminalia superba (frake also called limba) are compared to those in the literature with methods using saturated salts for lotofa and frake with satisfactory results. Experimental values are fitted using two sorption isotherm models. Sorption hysteresis is greatest in sapele and least in frake. When temperature increases, differences in the hysteresis of sorption among the woods decreases. Hystereses of all studied woods ranged from 0,5 to 3%. Our studied woods have lower equilibrium moisture content probably caused by the higher values of extractives content. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer during both adsorption and desorption at 20°C and 40°C is greater in the case of frake and lower in the case of lotofa. The water sorbed molecules on multilayer of sapele is greater than those of obeche. The predominance of multilayer over monolayer of our woods is from 0,2 to 0,4 relative humidity in adsorption phase, and from 0,3 to 0,4 relative humidity in desorption phase.

Numerical Analysis of Laminated Veneer Lumber Panels in Fire

This paper presents models for calculating the fire behavior of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) elements. A 2D FE thermal model was employed to analyze heat transfer within LVL panels. The thermal model was found to provide good predictions when comparing the calculated temperatures and residual cross-section dimensions of LVL panels with the experiment results.