Yanuar Hamzah

Preparation of creating active carbon from cigarette filter waste using microwave-induced KOH activation

For the first time, cigarette filter waste, which is an environmental hazardous material, is used as basic material prepared for creating activated carbon (AC) via KOH chemical activation using a microwave input power of 630 W and irradiation time of 20 minutes. Active carbon was characterized by TGA, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and absorption of methylene blue (MB). The results of x-ray diffraction showed that active carbon has a semi-crystalline structure with peaks of 2θ of 22.87° and 43.70°. Active carbon microstructure analysis showed that the layer height (Lc ) is inversely proportional to the width of the layer (La ), and the distance between the two layers is d002 and d100 , which depends significantly on the ratio of AC: KOH. It was found that the optimum BET surface area and adsorption capacity for MB were 328.13 m2 / g and 88.76 m2 / g, respectively. The results revealed the potential to prepare activated carbon from cigarette filter waste using microwave irradiation.

Self-Powered Wireless Sensor for Forest-Fire Detection in Sumatera with Various Environmental Energy Source

This paper presents a fire sensor module which is powered by harvested energy from the surrounding environment. The complete system consists of a transmitter module that sources energy from a mini generator energized by wind and thermal energy. The presented green energy poweredfire sensor is environmentally friendly and can be mass produced at a very low cost. A prototype of the forest-fire sensor consisted of transmitter and receiver module of STM110 EnOcean Firma has been constructed. The fire-sensor module detects the presence of fire in the vicinity using an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) temperature sensor. The thermistor is mounted on the exterior of the prototype (casing) and its switch-temperature is set between 90°C and 95°C. A rapid rise in the temperature above the set switch-temperature causes a rapid change in the sensor resistance, indicating the presence of a nearby fire. In response, the sensor would send a telegram to the central station (receiver module).