Yao Mao

MEMS Inertial Sensors-Based Multi-Loop Control Enhanced by Disturbance Observation and Compensation for Fast Steering Mirror System

In this paper, an approach to improve the disturbance suppression performance of a fast steering mirror (FSM) tracking control system based on a charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors is proposed. The disturbance observation and compensation (DOC) control method is recommended to enhance the classical multi-loop feedback control (MFC) for line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization in the FSM system. MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes have been used in the FSM system tentatively to implement MFC instead of fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG) because of its smaller, lighter, cheaper features and gradually improved performance. However, the stabilization performance of FSM is still suffering a large number of mechanical resonances and time delay induced by a low CCD sampling rate, which causes insufficient error attenuation when suffering uncertain disturbances. Thus, in order to make further improvements on the stabilization performance, a cascaded MFC enhanced by DOC method is proposed. The sensitivity of this method shows the significant improvement of the conventional MFC system. Simultaneously, the analysis of stabilization accuracy is also presented. A series of comparative experimental results demonstrate the disturbance suppression performance of the FSM control system based on the MEMS inertial sensors can be effectively improved by the proposed approach.

Combining a Disturbance Observer with Triple-Loop Control Based on MEMS Accelerometers for Line-of-Sight Stabilization

In the CCD-based fine tracking optical system (FTOS), the whole disturbance suppression ability (DSA) is the product of the inner loop and outer position loop. Traditionally, high sampling fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are added to the platform to stabilize the line-of-sight (LOS). However, because of the FOGs’ high cost and relatively big volume relative to the back narrow space of small rotating mirrors, we attempt in this work to utilize a cheaper and smaller micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer to build the inner loop, replacing the FOG. Unfortunately, since accelerometers are susceptible to the low-frequency noise, according to the classical way of using accelerometers, the crucial low-frequency DSA of the system is insufficient. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an approach based on MEMS accelerometers combining disturbance observer (DOB) with triple-loop control (TLC) in which the composite velocity loop is built by acceleration integration and corrected by CCD. The DOB is firstly used to reform the platform, greatly improving the medium-frequency DSA. Then the composite velocity loop exchanges a part of medium-frequency performance for the low-frequency DSA. A detailed analysis and experiments verify the proposed method has a better DSA than the traditional way and could totally substitute FOG in the LOS stabilization.

Enhanced Disturbance Observer Based on Acceleration Measurement for Fast Steering Mirror Systems

In this paper, a modified disturbance observer (DOB) for fast steering mirror (FSM) optical system based on a charge-coupled device (CCD) and inertial sensors is proposed. Combining a DOB with the classical cascaded multiloop feedback control, including position loop, velocity loop, and acceleration loop, that the disturbance suppression performance of line-of-sight in an FSM system can be significant improved. However, due to the quadratic differential in the FSM acceleration open-loop response, in fact, it is very difficult to realize an integral algorithm to compensate a quadratic differential in practical application. Thus, the conventional DOB controller has to be simplified further to make a concession, which eventuates in still insufficient disturbance compensation, particularly at low frequency. To solve this problem, an enhanced DOB control structure, which changes the compensation plant to be the acceleration open-loop and avoids the saturation of double integration skillfully, is proposed. The recommended method optimizes the controller design, which is conducive to controller fulfillment in practical systems. A series of comparative experimental results demonstrate that the disturbance suppression performance of the FSM control system can be effectively improved by the proposed approach.

Multiple Fusion Based on the CCD and MEMS Accelerometer for the Low-Cost Multi-Loop Optoelectronic System Control

In the charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer based low-cost multi-loop optoelectronic control system (OCS), due to accelerometers’ drift and noise in low frequency, the disturbance suppression (DS) is insufficient. Previously, based on the acceleration and position dual-loop control (ADLC), researchers combined a disturbance observer (DOB) with a virtual velocity loop to make some medium-frequency DS exchange for low-frequency performance. However, it is not optimal because the classic DOB based on accelerometers’ inaccurate signals cannot observe accurate disturbance in low frequency and the velocity based on a CCD and accelerometer time-domain fusion carried the CCD’s delay, resulting in the drop of medium-frequency DS. In this paper, considering the CCD’s advantage in low frequency and the accelerometer’s strength in high frequency, we propose to fuse their signals twice with a modified complementary filter method to respectively acquire an acceleration and velocity. The new acceleration with no drift and less noise but lower bandwidth creates a new acceleration model and is only used in fusion DOB (FDOB), while the velocity with little delay is to build an additional velocity loop. Compared with the traditional DOB enhanced by the time-domain fusion velocity loop, experiments verify that the proposed multiple fusion would apparently enhance the system’s DS, especially in low and medium frequency.

A Comprehensive Performance Improvement Control Method by Fractional Order Control

For the high precise tracking control task in quantum communications, this paper introduces a fractional-order control scheme to resolve the confliction between error rejection capacity and stability margin. In the system and controller design, a system preprocessing, including phase margin compensation and controller structure amelioration, is introduced to make the controller realizable. And in order to obtain the global optimum in controller parameter tuning, a visual version method is also imported. This innovative control scheme could effectively equilibrate the systems demands for high error suppression capacity and enough phase margin, and makes it possible for a class of systems’ high precision control. The innovative control method is experimented in an electro-optical system, which could help to obtain a better beam tracking performance in quantum communications.

An additional velocity loop in the CCD and MEMS accelerometer-based lightweight optoelectronic system control

In the charge-coupled device(CCD)-based optoelectronic system(OS)，the external disturbance has a bad influence on the line-of-sight(LOS) stabilization, especially in a moving platform. Generally, with a high-performance fiber-optic gyroscope(FOG), we build a velocity inner loop to enhance the disturbance suppression ability(DSA). However, FOG has a big size, high cost and power consumption which limit its application in space-constrained occasion. With the development of the micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) industry, the MEMS accelerometer and gyro are more used in the optoelectronic field for their small volume and low price. Since the MEMS accelerometer has a much higher bandwidth than the MEMS gyro, it’s more suitable to build a high-bandwidth and high-sampling inner loop to enhance the DSA. Unfortunately, since the signal of the MEMS accelerometer in low frequency is weak and commonly with drift and much noise, the low-frequency DSA of the inner loop is insufficient. Considering the CCD has a good low-frequency signal and the MEMS accelerometer has an advantage in high frequency, based on the acceleration and position double-loop control(APDC), we proposed to add an additional velocity loop by fusing the CCD’s low-frequency signal and the accelerometer’s high-frequency signal with an open-loop bandwidth fusion method(OBF) to further enhance the DSA. The fusion velocity even has a higher bandwidth than the MEMS gyro. A series of comparative experimental results demonstrate the proposed method could get a lightweight OS with a strong DSA, which is close to the triple loop control based on the MEMS accelerometer and real gyro, and even has a better DSA in medium frequency.

A Modified Disturbance Observer Structure Based on Acceleration Measurement for Disturbance Suppression in Tracking Control System

The micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer is widely adopted in many engineering control systems due to its extraordinary performance with high bandwidth, small size and low weight. However, massive drift caused by its insensitively at low frequency is the main factor which limits its performance. It leads to integral saturation when the feedforward method is used and hinders the improvement of disturbance suppression ability at low frequency, which is a significant factor for evaluating the closed-loop performance of a high-precision tracking system. To solve this problem, a modified disturbance observer structure and its corresponding new controller, which can improve disturbance suppression performance at low frequency by effectively rejecting more drift and weakening the occurrence possibility of integral saturation when drift exists, are proposed. Detailed analyses and a series of comparative experimental results verify that the proposed method can effectively enhance disturbance suppression performance at low frequency.

Virtual velocity loop based on MEMS accelerometers for optical stabilization control system

In the optical stabilization control system (OSCS) control system based on a charge-coupled device (CCD), stabilization performance of the line-of-sight is severely limited by the mechanical resonance and the low sampling rate of the CCD. An approach to improve the stabilization performance of the OSCS control system with load restriction based on three loops, including an acceleration loop, a virtual velocity loop, and a position loop, by using MEMS accelerometers and a CCD is proposed. The velocity signal is obtained by accelerators instead of gyro sensors. Its advantages are low power, low cost, small size, and wide measuring range. A detailed analysis is provided to show how to design the virtual velocity loop and correct virtual velocity loop drift. Experimental results show that the proposed multiloop feedback control method with virtual velocity loop in which the disturbance suppression performance is better than that of the dual loop control with only an acceleration loop and a position loop at low frequency.

Plug-in module acceleration feedback control for fast steering mirror-based beam stabilization systems

A plug-in module acceleration feedback control (Plug-In AFC) strategy based on the disturbance observer (DOB) principle is proposed for charge-coupled device (CCD)-based fast steering mirror (FSM) stabilization systems. In classical FSM tracking systems, dual-loop control (DLC), including velocity feedback and position feedback, is usually utilized to enhance the closed-loop performance. Due to the mechanical resonance of the system and CCD time delay, the closed-loop bandwidth is severely restricted. To solve this problem, cascade acceleration feedback control (AFC), which is a kind of high-precision robust control method, is introduced to strengthen the disturbance rejection property. However, in practical applications, it is difficult to realize an integral algorithm in an acceleration controller to compensate for the quadratic differential contained in the FSM acceleration model, resulting in a challenging controller design and a limited improvement. To optimize the acceleration feedback framework in the FSM system, different from the cascade AFC, the accelerometers are used to construct DOB to compensate for the platform vibrations directly. The acceleration nested loop can be plugged into the velocity loop without changing the system stability, and the controller design is quite simple. A series of comparative experimental results demonstrate that the disturbance rejection property of the CCD-based FSM can be effectively improved by the proposed approach.

Identification of fast-steering mirror based on chicken swarm optimization algorithm

According to the transfer function identification method of fast steering mirror exists problems which estimate the initial value is complicated in the process of using, put forward using chicken swarm algorithm to simplify the identification operation, reducing the workload of identification. chicken swarm algorithm is a meta heuristic intelligent population algorithm, which shows global convergence is efficient in the identification experiment, and the convergence speed is fast. The convergence precision is also high. Especially there are many parameters are needed to identificate in the transfer function without considering the parameters estimation problem. Therefore, compared with the traditional identification methods, the proposed approach is more convenient, and greatly achieves the intelligent design of fast steering mirror control system in enginerring application, shorten time of controller designed.