Yara Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa

Biometry of fruit and seeds and germination of Magonia pubescens ST.Hil (SAPINDACEAE)

Magonia pubescens is a common native tree species of Brazilian savanna with a great utilization potential because of its economic and ecologic characteristics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biometrical characteristics of fruit and seeds of this species and its germination potential. It was studied 28 fruit and 293 seeds originated from trees placed in Aquidauana - MS. The study was conducted in the Vegetable Physiology Laboratory and nursery conditions belonged to Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA) of Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). There was a large variation in the size, weight and the seed-number of the fruit that presented middle values 6,66 cm of length, 8,14 cm of diameter, 248,21g fresh mass and 13,14 seeds. On the other hand, the seed size variation was smaller than the fruit size variation. The seeds presented middle values 4,81 cm of length, 8,44 cm of width and 3,5 of fresh mass. For the germination study, the seeds received the following treatments: 1) KNO3 1% 24h; 2) KNO3 2% 24h; 3) GA 500 mg. L -1 24h; 4) GA 250 mg L-1 24h; 5) Water 24h; 6) Control. The experiment was set up according to a three-replicate randomized complete design with 6 treatments. The treatment of immersion in water for 24 hours promoted the highest values of emergence percentage (80%). The gibberellins promoted the highest values of aerial part height (meddle of 14,7cm). The highest values of fresh and dry aerial part matter were observed in seedlings originated from seeds treated with GA 500 mg. L -1 (1,26 and 0,24g, respectively). The highest values of fresh and dry cotyledons matter were observed in seedlings originated from seeds treated with KNO3 1% 24h (7,63 and 1,81, respectively). It is recommended to pre-soak of the seeds in water or GA for 24 hours to obtain a greater number of seedlings.

Comportamento do algodoeiro cultivar delta opal sob estresse hídrico com e sem aplicação de bioestimulante

This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of biostimulant Stimulate® applied or not at different development stages of cotton plant cv Delta Opal, (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivated in greenhouse, subjected or not to water stress. Applications of 25, 60 and 100% of total volume of pores (VTP) filled up with water were conducted, and then Stimulate® was sprinkled over the seed and on the flower bud stage, without biostimulant application 69 days after sowing. The water stress time period was that of 15, 30 and 45 days after water stress application. The cotton plant cv Delta Opal did not tolerate hydric deficit of 25% VTP on the flower bud set off, where smaller heights as well as smaller colon diameters and flower number were observed, all of which also endanger reproductive structure formation. The use of biostimulant on the dosage and the type of application did not render any improvement on plant development when submitted to lack of water; nevertheless there was a colon diameter increase on plants subjected to water excess.

A Passiflora homolog of a D-type cyclin gene is differentially expressed in response to sucrose, auxin, and cytokinin

In higher plants, one of the major components of developmental processes is cell division. The cell division cycle in plants is controlled by cyclins and cyclin-dependend kinases. Nutrient and hormonal signals can influence the roles that D-type cyclins play in the G1-to-S phase transition. Auxins and cytokinins are long known to be important plant hormones controlling plant growth. Additionally, as sucrose is the major transported carbon source in higher plants, it is possible that it plays a major role in cell division. To access the molecular aspects of the effect of auxin, cytokinin and sucrose on the regulation of cell cycle machinery and plant development, we cloned a Passiflora morifolia putative homolog to a D-type cyclin, PmCYCD1, which showed high sequence similarity to other known plant D-type cyclins. We examined the expression patterns of PmCYCD1 during callus induction and growth in in vitro conditions. We observed incremented expression levels of PmCYCD1 correlated to increasing concentrations of sucrose, α-naphthalene acetic acid and 6-benzyladenine in the culture medium. Additionally, the results of in situ hybridization experiments indicated a dynamic spatial expression pattern for PmCYCD1 during callus growth.

Fixação biológica de nitrogênio e teores foliares de nutrientes na soja em função de doses de molibdênio e gesso agrícola

A competitividade economica da soja brasileira no mercado mundial se deve, em grande parte, aos beneficios da fixacao biologica do nitrogenio na cultura. O trabalho foi conduzido a campo, sob sistema plantio direto, em condicao de sequeiro, no Municipio de Maracaju-MS, com o objetivo de avaliar a nodulacao, o crescimento, nutricao mineral e produtividade de graos da soja submetida a diferentes doses de gesso agricola e molibdenio. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repeticoes e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas por quatro doses de gesso agricola (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas, por quatro doses de molibdenio (0, 20, 40 e 60 g ha-1). Nao houve efeito da interacao gesso x Mo sobre a produtividade da soja. O gesso agricola nao influencia no teor foliar de N e na produtividade. O Mo proporciona incrementos na produtividade e no teor de proteinas dos graos.

The PmNAC1 gene is induced by auxin and expressed in differentiating vascular cells in callus cultures of Passiflora

The plant-specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors play critical roles in diverse developmental processes such as the establishment of the shoot apical meristem, lateral root formation, flowering time, senescence, abiotic stress and defense responses. NAC domain transcription factors may be regulated at the transcriptional level by environmental clues, such as hormone concentrations. Here we report the cloning of a Passiflora morifolia putative homolog to a gene encoding a NAC-domain transcription factor, PmNAC1. We have examined the expression patterns of this gene during in vitro callus induction and growth. We observed that the induction of transcript levels of PmNAC1 is correlated to increasing concentrations of 1-naphthalene acetic acid in the culture medium. Additionally, the results of in situ hybridization experiments indicated a dynamic spatial expression pattern for PmNAC1 during callus growth, coincidental with provascular tissue differentiation, especially with xylem cell specification.

Produção de mudas de ipê-branco em diferentes substratos

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a emergencia de plântulas e o crescimento no viveiro de mudas de ipe-branco (Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith) em diferentes substratos. Foram realizados dois experimentos independentes. O estudo da emergencia foi realizado em seis substratos: 1- Plantmax® - P; 2- vermiculita - V; 3- areia - A; 4- solo + areia - SA (1:1); 5- solo + casca de arroz carbonizada - SC (1:1); 6- solo + areia + casca de arroz carbonizada - SAC (2:1:1) (v/v), sendo utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados (DBC) com tres repeticoes. O estudo do crescimento no viveiro foi realizado em DBC com cinco substratos e cinco repeticoes, sendo utilizados os seguintes substratos: 1- solo + areia - SA (1:1); 2- solo + cama de frango semidecomposta - SCF (1:1); 3- solo + casca de arroz carbonizada - SC (1:1); 4- solo + areia + cama de frango semidecomposta - SACF (1:1:1); 5- solo + areia + casca de arroz carbonizada - SAC (1:1:1) (v/v). Os maiores valores de porcentagem final de emergencia, indice de velocidade de emergencia e altura das plântulas foram observados nos substratos P, V, SC e SAC. Os maiores valores de altura, diâmetro do colo, indice de clorofila, area foliar, comprimento da maior raiz e massa seca da parte aerea e radicular das mudas foram observados nos substratos SACF e SCF. Recomenda-se a utilizacao de P, V, SC ou SAC para germinacao e emergencia de plântulas e SACF ou SCF para a producao de mudas de ipe-branco.

PmTCP1 encodes a putative TCP transcription factor and is differentially expressed during in vitro organogenesis in Passiflora

The genus Passiflora includes economically important passion fruits and over 600 other wild species. Micropropagation of Passiflora species is far from routine due to low regeneration frequencies and multiplication rates, so there is great interest in understanding the molecular control of the in vitro regeneration processes of these species. Here, we report the characterization of a Passiflora morifolia gene encoding PmTCP1, a putative TCP transcription factor that showed high sequence similarity to Arabidopsis class I TCPs. The expression patterns of the PmTCP1 gene during in vitro organogenesis and callus growth revealed differential expression of PmTCP1 modulated by different combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations in the culture medium. At a constant auxin concentration, cytokinin increased PmTCP1 expression, and at a constant cytokinin concentration, auxin repressed PmTCP1 expression. We also observed a correlation between PmTCP1 expression and the in vitro organogenesis of roots and shoots. We expect that these results will increase our understanding of the molecular networks and environmental signals that modulate the processes of organogenesis during plant development.

Morphology and stability of aggregates of an Oxisol according to tillage system and gypsum application

A caracterizacao morfologica e a estabilidade dos agregados constituem fatores importantes na avaliacao dos sistemas de manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia e a estabilidade de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico, manejado com plantio direto e plantio convencional, com e sem acao residual de gesso. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjado em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, em que os tratamentos foram dois sistemas de manejo do solo, (parcelas) e com 0 e 2000 kg ha-1 de gesso (subparcelas) e cinco profundidades (0-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,15, 0,15-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m) sendo as subsubparcelas, com quatro repeticoes. A morfologia dos agregados foi determinada por meio de imagens e, posteriormente, avaliada pelo software Quantporo; a estabilidade foi determinada pelo metodo da via umida. Os resultados demonstram que o cultivo em sistema plantio direto, com ou sem efeito residual de gesso, proporcionou maiores diâmetros geometricos de agregados. A combinacao entre plantio direto e efeito residual de gesso proporcionou agregados mais rugosos.

Levantamento e características ecológicas de orchidacea e da mata ciliar do rio dourados, Dourados-MS

Inventory and ecologic features of Orchidaceae in the Rio Dourados riparian Forest, Dourados-MS). The Orchidaceae is one of the largest flowering plants family and with a great importance to conservation. However, no survey on orchid flowers can be found in Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the objective of this work was to make a survey of the Orchidaceae species and of its ecology features in a riparian forest in a fragment of Floresta Estacional Semi-Decidual that belongs to the riparian forest of the Dourados River. The inventory was made by using a sweeping method for collection, and in addition to this the vertical and horizontal position of epiphytes were assessed on the hosts. For characterization of microclimate, it was used a thermohygrometer and luximeter. It was identified 17 species of 13 genera. Of the listed genera, the most abundant ones were: Acianthera, Macradenia and Capanemia. It was also noted a vertical and horizontal distribution of the Orchidaceae in relation to inverse gradient of water and light availability. Some species tended to be sensitive to height level categorization, whereas others seemed to occur with similar frequency along the host. In relation to the cardinal orientation, the apparent preferential response for south and east directions was associated to the low sampling effort and lower water availability, which could occur because the north face is opposed to the water body.

APLICAÇÃO FOLIAR DE GA3 NO CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener

With the knowledge that the exogenous application of gibberellins can alter physiological processes modifying the growth and development of plants as they function asregulator of cell division and elongation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener grown under light of 650 µmol m-2 s-1 for nine months andsubjected to weekly sprays with GA3. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 15.0 and 30.0 mg L-1 GA3) and ten repetitions. The substrate used was composed of a mixture (1:1:1 by volume) of washed coarse sand, chaff of washed coal and dystroferric red latosol organized in pots with a capacity of 5L. The concentrations of GA3 influenced (p<0.05) most of the variables except the length of the main stem to the insertion of the first lateral stem, the number of lateral stems, the number of nodes of the main stem to the insertion of the first stem side, the number of nodes of the main stem to the insertion of the first tendril and the first three-lobed leaf, at the beginning of flowering, the number of lateral stems issued by the plant at the beginning of flowering and the number of nodes from the base of the main stem up the insertion of the first flower buds. Concentration of around 15 mg L-1 caused higher plant length, greater length, greater number of nodes of the plant, and higher fresh and dry weight of plants. The use of 30 mg L-1 GA3 anticipated the issuance of the first tendril and the first three-lobed leaf and produced a greater number of flower buds. Exogenous use of GA3 at concentrations of 30 mg L-1 was more effective in inducing floral that the evocation of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener.