Yasar Mahsut Dincel

Clavicle diaphyseal fracture, ipsilateral type 3 acromioclavicular joint dislocation stabilized with double plate

A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to Emergency department, after a motor vehicle accident. The mechanism of trauma is a blunt force on left shoulder, as the vehicle lied on the left side. The examination findings were swelling, tenderness, ecchymosis and limitation of the left shoulder movements. No neurovascular injury was diagnosed. The result of clinical and radiological examination was fracture of the first and second costa, fracture of the middle third of the left clavicle and ipsilateral type 3 AC joint dislocation according to Rockwood classification [Figures 1 and 2]. The patient was operated one day after the trauma. Operations were performed under general anesthesia, in beach chair position, with a transverse incision. After reaching the fracture line and performing the reduction, osteosynthesis was obtained using a low profile anatomic plate with six holes and screws. Then the incision was elongated to reach the AC joint. AC disc was dislocated and injured. After the disc excision, the joint was fixed with a 4 hole clavicular hook plate and 3 screws. A sling was worn for two weeks postoperatively. Rehabilitation was started by passive assisted movements at postoperative first week; all active shoulder movements were permitted at postoperative fourth week. Strengthening exercises were performed between 8 and 12 weeks and at the end of 12th week all the movements were full and painless. At the 23rd month examination all shoulder movements were full and painless and widening of the AC joint space and degenerative findings were seen in direct radiographs [Figure 3]. We did not remove the clavicle hook plate because the patient did not complain.

Single-Stage Treatment of Aseptic Nonunion of the Humerus with Locking Plate Fixation and Autograft

Background: Locking and non-locking compression plates are widely used in different long bone fractures. Biomechanical and controlled studies have reported a higher stability and rate of union with the use of locking plates. Locking plates are safely used also in the treatment of humeral nonunions with varying rates of success. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiological and clinical results of a single-stage surgical treatment with locking compression plates (LCPs) and autologous bone grafting in patients with aseptic nonunion of the humerus. Study Design: Level of Evidence IV, case control study. Methods: Twenty-four patients (17 males; mean age: 43.5 years) treated with LCPs and autologous bone grafts due to nonunion following humeral fractures were included in this study. Twelve patients had earlier been treated surgically while the remaining 12 had received non-surgical (conservative) treatment. Six patients had atrophic and 18 had oligotrophic nonunions. Functional evaluation was made using the Constant-Murley scoring system. Results: The mean follow-up period was 43.6 months. Radiological union was observed in all patients except one (95.8%) in an average period of 18.8 weeks. A mean shortening of 1.8 cm was performed on six patients with atrophic nonunion. Preoperative infection markers and intraoperative cultures were negative for infection. Four patients experienced delayed unions and one patient had transient radial nerve palsy. Ten patients had excellent, 12 had good, and two had fair scores. Conclusion: The management of humeral nonunions with single-stage surgical intervention performed using LCPs and autologous bone grafts, following adequate debridement, is an effective method with satisfactory radiological and clinical outcomes.

Biomechanical, histological, and radiological effects of different phosphodiesterase inhibitors on femoral fracture healing in rats

Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical, histological, and radiological effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on femoral fracture healing in rats. Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups equally according to the pharmacological agents to be investigated. Femoral shaft fractures were formed in the left side. Group 1 (control group), group 2, and group 3 were administered with saline, sildenafil, and pentoxifylline during the fracture healing process, respectively. Eight rats from each group were euthanized on days 15 and 30. X-ray images of the rats were taken after euthanasia for radiographical examination. Femur samples were subjected to histopathological and biomechanical (three-point bending) examinations. Results: Radiologically, no difference between the Goldberg scores of the groups was found for day 15 (p > 0.05), while higher Goldberg scores were obtained from group 2 than that of group 1 (p > 0.05) and group 3 (p < 0.05) for day 30. In the biomechanical analysis, higher mean breaking forces were found both for day 15 and day 30 from group 2 than those obtained from group 1 (for day 15 p > 0.05 and day 30 p > 0.05) and group 3 (for day 15 p < 0.05 and day 30 p < 0.01). Higher mean absorbed energy values were obtained from group 2 than those obtained from group 1 (for day 15 p > 0.05 and day 30 p < 0.05) and group 3 (for day 15 p < 0.01 and day 30 p < 0.01). A significant difference was not found between the histological scores of all groups (p > 0.05) for day 15, while the histological score of group 1 on day 30 was found to be significantly lower than that of sildenafil and pentoxifylline groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sildenafil had a positive effect on fracture healing, while pentoxifylline did not provide consistent positive effect.

The incidence and distribution of primary fibula tumors and tumor-like lesions: A 35-year experience

Purpose: Primary bone tumors of the fibula are rare. There are only a few studies reporting the incidence, histologic, and anatomic distribution of primary fibula tumors. This study aimed to comprehensively report the incidence, presenting symptoms, and histologic tumor types with the anatomic and histologic distribution of primary bone tumors of the fibula. Methods: Between January 1983 and December 2017, 6457 primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed and treated in our musculoskeletal oncology surgery clinic. Of these, 264 (4.08%) were primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the fibula. We retrospectively reviewed patients’ records, histopathology records, and radiologic images regarding age, gender, anatomic localization, histopathologic diagnosis, and treatment methods. Results: There were 209 (79.2%) benign and 55 (20.8%) malignant lesions. The most common benign and malignant tumors were osteochondroma (51 of 209; 24.4%) and chondrosarcoma (16 of 55; 29.1%). The proximal fibula was the most common location for both benign and malignant tumors (141 of 209; 67.5% and 45 of 55; 81.8%, respectively), followed by the distal fibula (52 of 209; 24.9% and 8 of 55; 14.5%, respectively) and the diaphysis (17 of 209; 8.14% and 2 of 55; 3.64%, respectively). Conclusion: The incidence of primary bone tumors is higher than that reported in previous studies. Benign lesions constitute the majority of cases. One-fifth of all cases are malignant. The most common anatomic site involving the primary fibula tumors is the proximal fibula. Level of evidence: III.

EFFECTS OF HIGH-DOSE VITAMIN C AND HYALURONIC ACID ON TENDON HEALING

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the histopathologic and biomechanical effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) and high-dose vitamin C (VC) on rat Achilles tendon healing. Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to HA and VC and control groups with equal numbers. Each group was further divided into two subgroups to be sacrificed on Day 15 (n=8) and Day 30 (n=8). The Achilles tendons were cut and repaired. While the control rats remained untreated, HA and VC were administered after repair. The repaired tendons were removed for biomechanical and histopathologic analyses. In the biomechanical tests, the tendons were stretched to failure and maximum forces were measured. For histopathologic examination, the specimens were interpreted semiquantitatively using Movin’s grading scale and Bonar scores. Results: The highest mean forces were obtained in the HA group on Day 15 and in the VC group on Day 30, with a significant difference between HA and VC on Day 15 between control and VC on Day 30 (p<0.05). Histological examination showed both Movin and Bonar scores decreased in all groups on Day 30, with significant improvements in the HA and VC groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that both VC and HA had therapeutic effects on tendon healing, especially in the late phase. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference.

Comparative Results of External Fixation, Plating, or Nonoperative Management for Diaphyseal Clavicle Fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of mid-diaphyseal clavicular fractures between an external fixator and more widely selected treatment options such as plate osteosynthesis or conservative methods. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 64 patients who were treated for mid-diaphyseal clavicular fracture in our clinic from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was mid-diaphyseal closed clavicular fractures with shortening of more than 2 cm. The Constant and DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) scores at the final follow-up, initial displacement, nonunion, and complication rates were compared. Statistical differences between groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison analysis was used to evaluate the differences within the groups. Results: Of the 64 patients, 24 (37.5%) were treated with plate osteosynthesis (group 1), 11 (17.2%) with an external fixator (group 2), and 29 (45.3%) conservatively with a figure-of-eight bandage (group 3). The mean follow-up periods were as follows: group 1: 37 ± 10.4 months, group 2: 33 ± 7 months, and group 3: 35 ± 9.4 months. The initial amount of displacement and DASH score were: group 1: 89.1 ± 7.8, group 2: 89.1 ± 7.8, and group 3: 6.1 ± 6.6) (p = 0.079). The Constant score of group 2 (93 ± 6.1) was significantly higher than that of group 3 (85 ± 8.4) (p = 0.013). No statistical difference was found in the distribution of nonunions (p = 0.387). However, in group 3, the number of malunions (11/29, 37.9%) was significantly higher compared to the other 2 groups (group 1: 1/24, 4.2%; group 2: 2/11, 18.2%) (p = 0.006). Conclusions: This study revealed that the treatment of acute clavicular fractures with an external fixator was a good alternative to plate osteosynthesis or conservative treatment.

The Results of the Winograd Method in Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail

Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 34,3 (dağılım: 12-69 yaş) idi. Heifetz sınıflamasına göre 93 olgu (%45,5) evre 2,111 olgu evre 3 (%54,5) idi. Yüz dokuz hasta (%62) erkek, 65 hasta (%38) bayan idi. Olguların 61 tanesi (%35) sol ayak 1. parmak, 83 tanesi (%47) sağ ayak 1. parmak, 30 tanesi (%18) bilateral 1. parmak idi. Doksan beş olguda (%46,5) tırnak mediyal taraf tutulumu, 66 olguda (%32,5) lateral taraf tutulumu, 43 olguda (%21) hem mediyal hem de lateral taraf tutulumu mevcut idi. Doksan olguda (%44) preoperatif dönemde akıntılı enfeksiyon nedeni ile antibiyotik kullanımı mevcut idi. Altı hastada (%3,4) periferik vasküler hastalık mevcut idi. Hastalar ortalama 16 (dağılım: 12-28 ay) ay takip edildi. Hastalar ortalama 8 gün (dağılım: 3-14 gün) içerisinde işlerine döndüler. Dikişler ortalama 12. günde (dağılım: 10-14. gün) alındı. Oniki hastada (%6,8) yineleme görüldü. Yinelemeler ortalama postoperatif 3. ayda (dağılım: 2-7 ay) görüldü. Hiçbir hastada osteomyelit veya ciddi bir komplikasyon gelişmedi. Yüz elli üç hasta (%87,9) ameliyathanede, steril şartlarda uygulanan cerrahi işlemden memnun kaldıklarını belirtti.