Yasemin Seki

A comparative study on seam performance of cotton and polyester woven fabrics

This paper presents and compares the seam performance of 12 woven fabrics by means of seam strength, seam efficiency, seam pucker, seam slippage properties, and visual observations. Besides, seam profiles were prepared by using normalized values. Test fabrics, suitable for clothing and lining, having cotton and polyester fibers in content and woven systematically in weft setting and weave structure were utilized and sewn by two different sewing threads. All the evaluations were conducted in terms of weave, weft setting, and sewing thread separately. Experimental results reveal that the cotton fabrics sewn with any kind of sewing thread have similar seam efficiency values. The fabrics stitched with corespun polyester sewing thread show higher seam efficiency values. Despite this, low seam efficiency values were obtained for the polyester fabrics. Seam slippage of 6 mm is over 200 N tensile load for the cotton fabrics. In the case of the polyester fabrics, it is difficult to determine seam slippage because of breakage of the yarns and the sewing threads and stripping problems close to seam line. Especially for polyester fabrics, worse seam pucker properties have been observed as compared with the ones stitched with mercerized cotton sewing thread. Generally, twill fabrics show lower seam pucker values for all types of the test fabrics.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Properties of Jute

In this study, effect of various surface treatment processes on waste jute fibers, which can be used for composite material production, was considered. For this purpose, jutes (J) were treated with NaOH as a pretreatment process before the other surface treatments. Then, alkali treated jutes (AJ) were modified with silane coupling agent (ASJ), fluorocarbon-based agent (AFJ), and also argon plasma (APJ). To investigate effects of the treatments on surface characteristics and physical properties of jutes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The effects of treatments were also revealed by determination of moisture content and density of the jute particles. It is determined that alkali treatment increase hydrophilicity of jute particles with providing reactive hydroxyl groups by partially removal of surface impurities as supported by FTIR analysis. This surface cleaning is also confirmed by SEM which shows surface fibrillation of AJ particles. The crystallinity index of the jute particles increased with the surface treatments by improving the crystallite packing order. Thermal stability of the jute particles changed after all of the surface treatments. According to the findings obtained from surface characterizations and physical tests, the most hydrophobic surface was achieved after fluorocarbon treatment (with alkali pretreatment) by providing the highest C/O ratio on the surface of the jute particles and reduced moisture content, which can be benefits in short fiber or particulate reinforced composite manufacturing by preventing agglomeration of fillers.

Evaluating of Agave americana fibers for biosorption of dye from aqueous solution

Fibers extracted from Agave americana were evaluated as a low cost sorbent for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solution. Agave fiber was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and determining chemical content such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The crystallinity index and average size of crystals of agave fibers were obtained to be 53.29 % and 1.4 nm, respectively. The effects of temperature, amount of sorbent and ionic strength on biosorption behavior were investigated. By using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations, equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed. Based on R2 values, the best fit was provided with Langmuir isotherm. The results showed that the largest biosorption capacity was obtained as 33 mg g−1 at 318 K. According to the thermodynamic studies, biosorption was determined to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Biosorption kinetics was investigated by equations such as Elovich rate equations, intraparticle diffusion models, pseudo-second-order, and pseudo-first-order models.

Evaluation of linden fibre as a potential reinforcement material for polymer composites

The aim of this study is to characterize linden fibres as a novel cellulose-based fibre to be used as a reinforcement material in composites and to investigate the adhesion property to unsaturated polyester. Up to now, there is no report regarding the potential usability of linden fibre in composite applications. Linden fibres were extracted from the stem of a plant of Tilia rubra DC. subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V.Engl. Characterization of linden fibres was studied by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, tensile and pull-out tests. Morphological properties of the fibres were observed through scanning electron and optical microscopes. Initial degradation temperature of the linden fibre was reported to be 238℃. The tensile strength and the Young’s modulus of the linden fibres were calculated to be 675.4 ± 45.7 MPa and 61.0 ± 9.8 GPa, respectively. The interfacial shear strength of the linden fibre with unsaturated polyester matrix was computed as 26.15 ± 2.27 MPa via pullout test. This study offers an alternative and eco-friendly reinforcement material which may have usability potential in polymeric composites.

Conductive Cotton Fabrics Coated with Myristic Acid/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This research mainly deals with enhancement of electrical conductivity performance of cotton fabrics using zinc oxide nanoparticles. The application of nano-zinc oxide/myristic acid onto 100% cotton plain fabrics was performed by dipping process. The effect of myristic acid and zinc oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabrics was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrical conductivity, UV protection performance, and hydrophilic properties of the cotton fabrics were also investigated. The surface resistivity of the cotton fabric noticeably dropped off by applying nano-zinc oxide/myristic acid. Furthermore, electrical conductivity of the coated cotton fabrics was maintained till 15 weeks. Surface hydrophilicity of cotton fabrics decreased with increasing myristic acid content. The changes in decomposition temperatures and crystallinity can be ignorable after application of myristic acid/nano-zinc oxide. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Development of Conductivity of Acrylic Polymer Using Ionic Liquids Incorporated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT In this study, we synthesized antistatic and ultraviolet-resistant acrylic films with a combination of ionic liquids and ZnO nanoparticles for the prevention of static electricity and ultraviolet instability. ZnO and two different ionic liquids such as 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ethyl sulfate and methyl-tri-n-butylammonium methylsulfate were preferred to achieve conductive and ultraviolet-resistant acrylic films. To obtain the highest ultraviolet protection factor and the lowest surface resistivity for the acrylic film, the combined effect of ZnO nanoparticles and the ionic liquids was utilized. The surface resistivity, thermal conductivity and effusivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet resistivity of the films were investigated. Surface morphology of the films and distribution of ZnO were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. The acrylic polymer exhibits higher ultraviolet resistance and lower transmission even in the low content of ZnO nanoparticles as compared with the neat polymer. The film consisting of methyl-tri-n-butylammonium methylsulfate ionic liquid showed the highest electrical conductivity performance even after 150 days. Consequently, ZnO nanoparticles are determined to be influential on ultraviolet-resistant properties, whereas ionic liquids are efficient on electrical conductivity performance of the acrylic polymer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fabrics via Ionic Liquids

ABSTRACT In this study, polyethylene terephtalate (PET) fabrics were treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EIL) and methyl-tri-n-butylammonium methyl sulfate (BIL), resulting in noticeably better long-term electrical conductivity of treated PET fabrics. Thermal conductivity, thermal stability, surface morphology and chemical structure were also explored. The effects of concentration of EIL (2, 6, 10 w/v %) and BIL (10, 15, 20 w/v %) ionic liquids were discussed. With the given set up, surface resistivities of the PET fabrics decreased with treatment application of the ionic liquids. Besides, BIL treatment provided higher electrical conductivity as compared with EIL. Moreover, surface resistivity presented diminishing tendency with increasing the concentration. It is also found that thermal degradation temperatures of the PET fabrics decreased with ionic liquids treatment. A coating layer was observable on surface of the fabric and in the gaps of the yarns with the ionic liquids treatment. This work provided a novel method for obtaining enhanced electrically conductive PET fabrics for textile industry. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A review on fabric bagging: the concept and measurement methods

Abstract Fabric bagging is a three-dimensional permanent deformation which can deteriorate aesthetical appearance and mechanical properties of garments. This review presents a brief look at the concept of bagging deformation consisting basic definitions, theories and modelling, objective and subjective evaluation and the parameters affecting fabric bagging. The effects of both fabric structural properties and bagging test parameters have been also explored. A thorough knowledge of bagging measurement by different laboratory tests such as unidirectional tensile, bursting strength, ball penetration tests and devices resembling an arm having an elbow point for simulating human movements in static or dynamic conditions was reviewed in details.

Surface modification of new cellulose fiber extracted from Conium maculatum plant: a comparative study

Abstract This study addresses the modification and characterization of Conium maculatum fiber to enhance its usability as reinforcement in polymeric composite materials. The fibers were treated with alkali, silane, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate and silicone oil, then surface chemistry (fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermal stability (thermogravimetric analysis) and morpho-structure (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) of the fibers were characterized by instrumentally. It was determined that the treatments increased hydrogen bond index and oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of the fibers. Alkali treatment had a positive impact on crystallinity index of the fiber by improving crystallite packing order following partial removal of non-cellulosic agents. The oxidation agents and the silane coupling agent reduced the crystallinity index of the fiber as a result of opening of glucopyranose rings and the increments in the distance between the cellulose macromolecular chains, respectively. Thermal degradation temperatures of the fiber were improved after treatment and the fiber presented rougher surface after treatments that can be an advantage when used as reinforcement to enhance mechanical strength of the final composite.

Construction of polypropylene composite multifilaments filled with sodium perborate trihydrate-treated jute microparticles

Abstract Polypropylene composite multifilaments filled with surface-treated jute microparticles were successfully spun by melt spinning. To enhance the particle distribution, jute particleos were treated with 5–20% (w/v) aqueous solutions of sodium perborate trihydrate (SP). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm the surface treatment. XPS analysis indicated that the treatments improved the hydrophobicity of the jute by means of increasing the carbon/oxygen ratio of the surface; thus, the maximum increment was achieved after 10% (w/v) SP treatment. After determining the optimum SP concentration, the spinning of polypropylene composite multifilaments containing 0.3–1.4 wt% jute particles was employed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the nucleating agent effect of the particles during crystallization in the filaments. The addition of fillers did not result in significant changes in the functional groups of polypropylene. The main output of this research is that polypropylene multifilaments incorporating 1.4 wt% jute particles presented the highest moisture absorption and hydrophilic character as determined by TGA, moisture content, and vertical wicking tests. It was concluded that particle content >0.3 wt% showed a tendency to agglomerate in the filament. Consequently, this study provided a new polypropylene filament having moisture absorbability performance, which can create potential applications in the textile industry.