Yasir Bin Tariq

Internationalization of higher education institutions: implementation of DMAIC cycle

In recent decades, the topic of internationalization has emerged as one of the defining issues of higher education globally. Different approaches are emerged for the internationalization process according to universities structures and strategic plans, however, universities are still facing the problems in identification of basic steps through which transformation of higher education to internationalization is possible. This study proposed a framework for higher education in Pakistan. In order to energize the whole process towards internationalization, three-step framework utilized for the internationalization of higher education in Pakistan. Study identifies the basic dimensions for the improvements of the services and structure, which leads to internationalization of higher education in Pakistan. Study proposed the use of define, measure, analysis, improve and control cycle for continuous improvements in higher education’s institutions in Pakistan.

Use or Abuse of Creative Accounting Techniques

The study has been conducted to have a detailed view on creative accounting. A very important question has been tried to be answered in this study that why managers do creative accounting and how they become successful in performing such practice in the presence of stringent rules and procedures. Another aspect of creative accounting has been tried to be explored that whether this creative accounting practice is good for the companies or it brings companies in crises situation. Discussion based model has been used on the basis of past references and experiences. Link of governance with creative accounting practices has also been tried to be explored in the study. At the end it is concluded that the complex and diverse nature of the business transactions and the latitude available in the accounting standards and policies make it difficult to handle the issue of creative accounting. It is not that creative accounting solutions are always wrong. It is the intent and the magnitude of the disclosure which determines its true nature and justification.

Impact of Corporate Governance Practices on Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Corporate governance refers to the mechanism which ensures that the affairs of a corporate body are conducted in order to serve and protect the individual and collective interests of all stakeholders. It ordains that while a firm is achieving its goal of shareholder’s wealth maximization, this achievement should not be at the expense of other stakeholders. This study attempts to find an empirical evidence for impact of corporate governance practices on firm’s financial performance. A sample of 50 non financial firms (listed on any one of three stock exchanges in Pakistan) was randomly selected. The study period covers from 2003 to 2005, thus covering 150 firm years. To measure the quality of Corporate Governance practices in the sample firms, a Corporate Governance Index (CGI) consisting of 30 indicators/parameters was developed which measures the strength/quality of Corporate Governance practices. These CG index scores for each firm were then compared with the financial performance indicators i.e. ROA, ROE, Price to Book ratio and P/E of the sample firms to find out any relationship between them. The results show that CGI scores are positively associate with ROA, ROE and Price to Book (P/B) ratio and statistically significant. P/E is also positively correlated with CGI scores but the impact is insignificant.

Quality of Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis

Corporate Governance refers to the mechanism which ensures that while a firm is achieving its goal of shareholder’s wealth maximization, this achievement should not be at the cost of other stakeholders. This study attempts to find an empirical evidence for impact of corporate governance on firm’s financial performance. A sample of 50 non financial firms (listed on any one of three stock exchanges) was randomly selected. The study period covers from 2003 to 2005, thus analyzing 150 firm years. To measure the quality of Corporate Governance practices in the sample firms, a Corporate Governance Index (CGI) consisted of 30 indicators/parameters was developed which measure the strength/quality of Corporate Governance practices. Then these CG index scores for each firm were compared with the financial performance indicators i.e. ROA, ROE, Price to Book ratio and P/E of the sample firms to find out any relationship between them. The results show that CGI scores are positively associate with ROA, ROE and Price to Book (P/B) ratio and statistically significant. P/E is also positively correlated with CGI scores but the impact is insignificant.