Yasmin Ashaari

Assessing Pedestrian Behavioral Pattern at Rail Transit Terminal: State of the Art

An Increasing amount of literature is devoted to discuss about the pedestrian movement pattern in indoor or outdoor environment. A better understanding of human behavior is the key to plan and manage the pedestrian flow especially in a transit terminal. Pedestrians visiting a public space have different motivations and therefore may behave differently. In order to determine the pedestrian behavior, some parameters should be measured such as walking speed, spatial use and person counts. The planners have generated a need to understand the pedestrian movement which behavior could be represented in collective form. A comprehensive review of the existing method in looking at the influencing parameters of the pedestrian behavior to the routes choice and pedestrians flow in relation to the level of service (LOS) and interaction of pedestrian in rail transit terminal is still lacking. Therefore, this paper aims to review the pedestrian movement characteristic in a rail transit terminal. Considering the differences of space requirements among different types of pedestrians and owing to the diverse characteristics of their stature, behavior and surroundings, immediate action on planning the rail based infrastructure is needed.

Prediction of Stress–Strain Response for Malaysian Granitic Residual Soil (Grade VI) in a Range of Effective Stresses, According to Rotational Multiple Yield Surface Framework

The conventional soils volume change models which are based on the effective stress concept are not accurate to model true volume change behavior of unsaturated soil solely. It seems that the effect of shear strength in interaction of effective stress is essential to be incorporated in these frameworks. Rotational multiple yield surface framework (RMYSF), which introduced by Md.Noor and Anderson (16th South East Asian Geotechnical Conference Kuala Lumpur, 2007) [21] is developed based on the concept. In this paper, the framework has been examined for Malaysian granitic residual soil grade VI. With the aim of this process, the stress–strain curves were predicted using the framework. Beside that, the stress–strain curves have been obtained from consolidated drained triaxial tests under various effective stresses and then the results were compared with the predicted ones. The result shows a good agreement between the laboratory stress–strain curves and predicted ones from the framework.

Prediction of Inundation Settlement Using Rotational Multiple Yield Surface Framework in Unsaturated Granite Residual Soil

Inundation settlement is triggered due to the rise of the groundwater table. In designs, it is usually ignored since the analysis assumes that the foundation soil is fully saturated at the base of shallow foundations. The problem that arises from this scenario is that when the construction was done in dry season, and when wet season comes, the groundwater table rises causing the partially saturated soil to be fully saturated, hence causing a reduction to the shear strength of the soil and followed by wetting collapse. The concept of effective stress and shear strength interaction demonstrates the soil behaviour to resist settlement in two conditions, which are due to loading and wetting. The latter is simulated in a modified Rowe cell to measure settlements due to suction loss under lateral pressures exerted to the wall of the cell at ko condition. The complexity of this behaviour will be explained applying the Rotational Multiple Yield Surface Framework and verified by the test data observed. The ability of the framework to predict inundation settlement will be presented.

Pedestrian Egress Behavior During Classroom Evacuation: A Simulation Approach

Pedestrians evacuation is a multi-agent system which composed of pedestrians with interaction. Usually, special flow of pedestrians’ evacuation occurs in emergency situation such as in case of fire. Interactions between pedestrians become more complicated, when all pedestrians moving towards a bottleneck area. The objective of this study was to examine the egress behavior of pedestrians during panic situation in a classroom environment. The results revealed that the pedestrians behave aggressively in order to evacuate themselves from the bottleneck area and different number of exit in the classroom gives different route choice during the evacuation process.

Modeling Pedestrian Behavior in Rail Transit Terminal

This paper concerns a review of the existing research in pedestrian behavior in rail transit terminal. A comprehensive review of the existing method and model are looking at the parameters of the pedestrian behavior and flow in relation to the pedestrian interaction and evacuation planning in rail transit terminal. It is shown in the review that a lack of an overall and detailed consideration of pedestrian behavior studies along the area of rail transit terminal in Malaysia. The necessity to integrate transportation engineering and pedestrian model is important where it will be a start to an upcoming research related to a development of safety management system of pedestrian in term of evacuation strategies and performances in rail transit. This can be a reference point for the traffic engineer to design walking infrastructures for many other public transit areas in Malaysia.

Lateral movement and settlement of sandwiched soft soil using physical model

Soft marine clay is a well-known problematic soil in geotechnical engineering. Soft marine clay soil is one of the problematic soils which are commonly found along the coastal areas of West Malaysia. In Klang area where the samples are taken, the thickness of the soft marine clay may vary from 20 to 40m. The general physical properties of the soft soil are presented in this study. In general, the unit weight of the soft clay is about 14 to 16 kN/m3. The result for Liquid Limit (LL) of the soft clay is very high which about 50% to 150%. Plasticity Index (PI) varies from 20% to 80%. The compressibility properties of the soft soil are mainly assessed from the laboratory consolidation test results. This study involves the laboratory test studies where the specimen of soft soil is obtained in disturbed condition. Prior to the experimentation, the physical model is prepared. The physical model is under constant condition of exposure in the laboratory to ensure any possible errors pertaining to the surrounding environment are mostly eliminated. The results of this experiment show that the lateral movement of soft soil is proportional to the depth of normal excavation and failure occur parallel to the soft soil plane in the geotechnical tank. Maximum settlement occurs at the centre of tank. In conclusion, it can be accepted that the soft soil has a smooth characteristic and can cause lateral movement of the above soil layers by dispersing its mass horizontally.