Yasuharu Tada

Bladder Inhibition by Electrical Stimulation of the Perianal Skin

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the perianal skin of 25 patients with frequency, urgency or incontinence. Repeated cystometrogram during this stimulation disclosed suppression of detrusor activity, inhibition of detrusor instability in 4 of 8 patients and increase of maximum cystometric capacity in 5 of 25 patients. Electromyographic activity of the anal sphincter muscle increased in all the 25 patients. Poststimulation improvement was observed clinically in 9 of 12 patients.

Hormone Receptor in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Correlation With Clinical Response to Endocrine Therapy

Analyses of hormone receptors in cytosols from 41 renal cell carcinoma specimens were performed by the dextran-coated charcoal technique, using estradiol, synthetic progestin R5020 and synthetic androgen R1881. Binding data were calculated according to the method of Scatchard. Of 41 renal cell carcinomas estradiol receptor was detected in 11, R5020 receptor in 11 and R1881 receptor in 13. No significant correlation between histopathological findings and hormone receptors was observed. Patients were classified into those positive and negative for receptors. The clinical response of endocrine therapy for 17 with advanced residual or metastatic lesions after nephrectomy was studied in regard to the survival rates. Although there was no complete or partial regression in tumor size, the survival rate of patients with 1 or more receptors was significantly higher than that of patients negative for receptors (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, hormonal manipulation in patients with renal cell carcinoma cannot induce an antitumor effect but seems to increase survival in patients with receptors.

Free Supernumerary Kidney: A Case Report and Review

We report a case of a free supernumerary kidney, which was asymptomatic. Excretory urography and angiography showed 3 separate kidneys.

Renal Cell Carcinoma with Heterotropic Bone Formation

A case of renal cell carcinoma with heterotropic bone formation is presented. We will review the reports and radiographic findings of Japanese cases and comment on their hypovascularity.

Lysis of autologous tumor cells by peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from patients with renal cell carcinoma were stimulated with interleukin 2 and tested in a 4-hour 51chromium-release cytotoxicity assay against autologous cultured tumor and myeloid K562 cells. Of 23 patients autologous tumor lysis of more than 0 per cent was observed in 20 (range 5.3 to 82.8 per cent) and more than 10 per cent lysis was noted in 16. Since no significant correlation between the degree of cytotoxicity and the pathological findings of tumor stage, grade, cell type or lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor was found, it was impossible to predict from the pathological findings which tumor could be lysed by peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2. Comparison of natural killer cell activity against K562 of freshly prepared peripheral blood lymphocytes to that of interleukin 2-treated lymphocytes revealed significant augmentation from 23.6 +/- 9.7 to 65.2 +/- 29.1 per cent. From the kinetics study the lysis of autologous tumor cells was detectable on day 2 of interleukin 2 exposure and the peak activity was observed on day 5. A similar trend was noted in regard to K562 cell lysis. Measurements of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies and argon ion laser flow cytometry resulted in a significant decrease of cells positive for OKT 4 (helper/inducer) and a significant increase of cells positive for OKT 8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu 7 (natural killer) by interleukin 2 treatment. A cold target cell inhibition test was performed in 2 patients with unlabeled autologous tumor and K562 cells as cold inhibitors. In 1 patient unlabeled K562 completely inhibited the tumor lysis but in 1 complete inhibition by autologous tumor and incomplete blockade by K562 were found. From this observation we concluded that peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2 lysed not only autologous tumor cells but also K562. Our results demonstrate that adoptive immunotherapy with peripheral blood lymphocytes activated by interleukin 2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma could be appropriate as a therapeutic procedure.

Cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes grown with interleukin 2 against autologous cultured tumor cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma: preliminary report.

To examine the use of interleukin 2 as a therapeutic agent for human renal cell carcinoma the peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from patients with renal cell carcinoma were grown in interleukin 2 and tested in a 4-hour 51chromium release cytotoxicity assay against autologous cultured tumor cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were cultured separately in medium alone, mitomycin C-treated tumor cells, 20 per cent interleukin 2 and tumor cells plus interleukin 2, were used as effector cells. In all patients neither peripheral blood lymphocytes in medium alone nor in mitomycin C-treated tumor cells could lyse their own tumor cells. However, in 5 of 7 patients peripheral blood lymphocytes grown in interleukin 2 regardless of the presence of mitomycin C-treated tumor cells were capable of causing 5.7, 9.4, 12.7, 36.1 and 52.5 per cent lysis at effector/target cell ratios of 25, 50, 50, 50 and 25, respectively. However, more significant cytotoxicity was not obtained by peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with tumor cells and interleukin 2. These results suggest that interleukin 2 might become a useful agent for patients with renal cell carcinoma.