Yasuo Nagai

Influence of Snowfall in the Formalities in Heian era

This report presents a study on the effects of snowfall on the formalities that were done at the Imperial Palace or Shinden-style residences in Heian era.The formalities were influenced by the snowfall, the snows laid upon the yard and the surface condition of the yard after snowfalls. Under such bad conditions, the ways of performance of formalities were classified into the following:1. the suspension or postponement of the formality.2. enforcement of the formality in the regular order.3. enforcement of the formality in the regular order on the improved yard.4. enforcement of the formality in the omitted order.5. enforcement of the formality in the omitted order at other places. Such case was called_??__??_(U-GI)against to_??__??_(HARE-GI).In_??__??_(HARE-GI)some parts of the formality were done on the yard, but these were performed in the houses in_??__??_(U-GI).

The Characteristics of the Yard Space of Shinden-Style Residences in Heian Era

平安期寝殿造住宅庭園の空間的性質を儀i式時に成立する空間的秩序という観点より検討した。先ず寝殿南庭についてみると、たとえ同じ住宅の同じ儀式に於いてさえも、公卿らの列立の上位方向が場合により東あるいは西になり一方向に固定しない。また対南庭に於いても同様列立時の公卿らの上位の向きは一方向に固定していない。この様な性質は平安期空間に特有なものと考えられるが、前者の要因としては寝殿造住宅が南池を持つため南門が存在せず、従って東と西に共に正門が設けられたこと、また後者の要因としては対南庭の東西間規模が小さいことがあげられる。