Yazid Bindar

Heat and Mass Transfer in Reduction Zone of Sponge Iron Reactor

Numerical prediction is performed on reduction zone of iron ore reactor which is a part of counter current gas-solid reactor for producing sponge iron. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of reduction gas composition and temperature on quality and capacity of sponge iron products through mathematical modeling arrangement and simulation. Simultaneous mass and energy balances along the reactor lead to a set of ordinary differential equation which includes kinetic equations. Kinetic equations of reduction of hematite to iron metal, methane reforming, and water gas shift reaction are taken into account in the model. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used as reduction gas. The equations were solved by finite element method. Prediction shows an increase in H2 composition while an attenuation of CO produces higher metallization degree. Metallization degree is also increased with an increase in gas inlet temperature. It is found that reduction gas temperature over 973°C (1246 K) is not recommended because the formation of sticky iron will be initiated.

Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Reduction Gas Composition and Temperature on the Quality of Sponge Iron Product

Reduction zone of iron ore reactor have been simulated. This is a part of counter current gas-solid reactor for producing sponge iron. The aim of this research is to study the effect of reduction gas composition and temperature on quality and product capacity of sponge iron products through mathematical modeling arrangement and simulation. Simultaneous mass and energy balances along the reactor lead to a set of ordinary differential equation which includes kinetic equations. Kinetic equations of reduction of hematite to iron metal, methane reforming, and water gas shift reaction are taken into account in the model. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used as reduction gas. The equations were solved by finite element method. Simulation result shows an increase in H2 composition while an attenuation of CO will produce higher metallization degree. Metallization degree is also increased with an increase in gas inlet temperature. Reduction gas temperature over than 973oC (1246 K) is not recommended because the formation of sticky iron will be initiated.

Study of the Effect of Reduced Iron Temperature Rising on Total Carbon Formation in Iron Reactor Isobaric and Cooling Zone

We presented the mathematical model in the iron reactor. The model was limited to Isobaric Zone and Cooling Zone termed as IZ and CZ, respectively. The simulation was done by adapting the heat and mass transfer equations. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the temperature increasing effect of reduced-iron on sponge-iron quality. The calculations are solved using Finite Element Method (FEM). The results showed that the temperature and concentration values from the simulation have high similarity to the reference data with Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) about 0.7. The formation of total-carbon in the both zones decreased metallization degree until 1.72%. The increase in reduced-iron temperature higher than 1200 K produces total-carbon higher than 3%. Thus the increase in reduced-iron temperature more than 1200 K is not recommended because it can decrease metallization degree.

Simulation of the Influence of Air Preheat Combustion on the Temperature of Propane Turbulent Flame Using Probability Density Function Approach and Eddy Dissipation Model

This paper presents results obtained from the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.3 to modelling of temperature in propane flames with air preheat. The study focuses on investigating the effect of air preheat temperature on the temperature of the flame. A standard k-ε turbulence model in combination with the Probability Density Function (PDF) model for Non Premix Combustion model and Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) are utilized to represent the flow and temperature fields of the flame being investigated, respectively. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data of propane flame taken from literature. The results of the study showed that the combination of the standard k-ε turbulence model and PDF model is more capable of producing reasonable predictions of temperature, particularly in axial profile and rich fuel area of all two flames compared with those of EDM model. Both experimental works and numerical simulation showed that increasing the temperature of the combustion air significantly increases the flame temperature.