Ye Li

Design and Simulation of a Battery Swap Station for Electric Battery Buses

Developing battery electric bus (BEB) has become a good means to help cut down the increasing greenhouse gas emissions and global crude oil demand. Due to the limited driving range and long charging time of BEB, battery swap station (BSS) seems the best option for BEBs to replenish energy at present. This paper presents a novel method to design the BSS for BEBs. Based on several assumptions and running rules for BEBs, the swapping and charging demand of BEB fleets are analysed to calculate the design scale of the BSS, which include the scales of battery packs, battery swapping system and battery charging system. As a case study, the BSS serving for 120 BEBs in World Expo 2010 Shanghai China, are simulated through a Matlab program. The results show that the simulation can provide an equivalent level of operation. And the scales calculated by the method are close to the actual values, which indicates that the design method the authors proposed is effective.

Study on Intersection Energy Consumption and Emissions under Various Bus Station Locations

Urban intersections are the locations where traffic fleets produce heavy emissions. The locations of bus stations at intersections have a certain effect on the energy consumption and emissions in this area. In this paper, in order to simulate the energy consumption and emissions of the entire intersection under different circumstances of site selection of bus stations, the simulation platform VISSIM-PERE was built on the basis of the microscopic simulation software VISSIM and the micro-energy consumption model PERE. As a case study, the operation states of the Moyu Road-Zepu Road intersection under different bus station layouts were simulated, and corresponding consumption and emissions were evaluated. The influence of bus station layouts on traffic flow was analyzed. Under low-flow conditions, it is recommended that a bus station be set near the intersection entrance, which can reduce the average number of bus stops and contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and emissions. Under high-flow conditions, the reverse is true. Energy consumption will be when a bus station is set near the exit because of the congestion reduction.

Incorporating Emissions Reduction in the Site Evaluation of Urban Bus Stops Near Intersections

The distance between a bus stop and intersection not only concerns the quality and efficiency of transportation, but also has a direct impact on urban environment. This paper combines microscopic traffic simulation model (VISSIM) and motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) to establish a platform which can output the traffic indexes as well as the environmental indexes. The grey relational analysis (GRA) method is then employed to incorporate emissions reduction in the site evaluation of urban bus stop near intersections. In this paper, the optimal distance between a bus stop and an intersection is calculated to be 120 meters, where both the traffic efficiency and vehicle emission rate were significantly improved. To sum up, this study provides a better guidance for the site selection of the bus stop near an intersection.