Yester Basmadjián

Hallazgo de Triatoma platensis Neiva, 1913 (Hemiptera, Triatominae) en el estado brasileño de "Rio Grande do Sul"

Triatoma platensis, an ornitophilic species, found in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay is reported for the first time in Brazil. It was found in the county of Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul) in nests of Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes, Furnariidae) where it cohabited with cricetids belonging to the species Orizomys flavescens. None of the seven individuals collected were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi.Triatoma platensis, an ornitophilic species, found in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay is reported for the first time in Brazil. It was found in the county of Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul) in nests of Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes, Furnariidae) where it cohabited with cricetids belonging to the species Orizomys flavescens. None of the seven individuals collected were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi.

Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en escolares de seis y doce años de edad de tres departamentos endémicos de Uruguay

The last national survey on seroprevalence of T. cruzi human infection in Uruguay, showed a 3.4% in adults from endemic areas. Since 1983, antivectorial actions of the control program have been carried out continually. In consequence, household infestation by Triatoma infestan, the main vector of T. cruzi in Uruguay, decreased in all endemic areas and was completely eliminated in some of them. The objectives of the present work are to evaluate the new seroepidemiological situation. A representative sampling of rural and urban population was undertaken, to include six and twelve year-old school children from three departments: Artigas, Rivera and Tacuarembo. The whole sample included 4,722 school children, evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) test for Chagaś disease. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in the six year-old group was 0.3% in Artigas, 0.6% in Rivera and 1.0% in Tacuarembo. The seropositive children with seropositive mothers support the possible congenital transmission.

Transmisión vertical del Trypanosoma cruzi. Consideraciones y recomendaciones acordadas en la Mesa Final de laJornada

Once vectorial transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi disappeared and transfusion-transmission was controlled, vertical infection constitutes the only relevant transmission mode in our country. The fact that there are chronically infected adults leads to the risk of congenital Chagas Disease, which may occur in more than one generation with the same ascendancy. Indeed, constant human migration results in the risk of congenital transmission being present throughout the country, thus exceeding the endemic areas initially defines by the presence of domicile vector. Therefore, vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi does not respect borders or generation boundaries and its sub-diagnosis has resulted in the emergence of several cases. Thus, reality leads to the remarks and recommendations that follow below, with the purpose of promoting the right control of this parasitosis.La rabia es una zoonosis de causa viral que provoca una encefalitis aguda y progresiva invariablemente fatal, causante de unas 60.000 muertes anuales. La mayoría de los casos humanos se reportan en África y Asia, pero su distribución es mundial. Se bien se trata de una enfermedad en vías de eliminación en las Américas, ha habido un resurgimiento con nuevas áreas y países afectados en los últimos años. En áreas endémicas los casos humanos están relacionados con mordeduras por perros infectados, mientras que en el resto de los países se asocia a mordeduras de animales silvestres. Luego de las mordeduras, el uso apropiado de la profilaxis posexposición es universalmente efectiva. Por lo tanto, para disminuir la carga global de rabia humana, es fundamental el control de la rabia canina y la expansión de la disponibilidad de profilaxis. En Uruguay, si bien se eliminó la rabia humana en la década de 1960, desde el año 2007 asistimos a una situación epidemiológica compleja con la reintroducción de la rabia animal vinculada a murciélagos. Esto debe poner en alerta a la comunidad médica y veterinaria para evitar el resurgimiento de la rabia humana. Se necesita del esfuerzo conjunto de la medicina humana, veterinaria, de la población y del gobierno a través de políticas públicas con el fin de mantener la vigilancia epidemiológica, actuar sobre el control de la población de perros y aplicar medidas de profilaxis en humanos luego de la mordedura de animales. En la presente revisión se describe la situación en Uruguay, la presentación clínica de esta enfermedad y las indicaciones de profilaxis.