Yevgeniy S. Nimon

Aqueous lithium air batteries

High specific energy density batteries are attracting increased attention as possible power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) (Girishkumar et al. in J Phys Chem Lett 1:2193, 2010; Armand and Tarascon in Nature 451:652, 2008; Padbury and Zjhang in J Power Sources 196:4436, 2011; Bruce et al. in Nat Mater 11:19, 2012; Wang et al. in Nano Energy 2:433, 2013; Imanishi and Yamamoto in Mater Today 17:24, 2014; Kuwabi et al. in MRS Bull 39:443, 2014). However, the driving range of commercialized EVs with the current lithium-ion batteries is considerably lower than that of the vehicles with internal combustion (IC) engines, because the energy density for lithium-ion battery packs of around 100 Wh kg−1 is too low compared with the IC engine.