Yi-Jun Guo

Carbide clusterfullerene Gd2C2@C92 vs dimetallofullerene Gd2@C94: a quantum chemical survey.

The geometric, electronic structure, and thermodynamic stability of Gd2C94 species, including dimetallofullerenes Gd2@C94 and carbide clusterfullerenes Gd2C2@C92, have been systematically investigated by a density functional theory approach combined with statistical mechanics calculations. Although the Gd2@C2(153480)-C94 is determined to possess the lowest energy, its molar fraction at the temperature region of fullerene formation is extremely low if the temperature effect is taken into consideration. Meanwhile, three C92-based carbide clusterfullerene species, Gd2C2@D3(126408)-C92, Gd2C2@C1(126390)-C92, and Gd2C2@C2(126387)-C92, with some higher energy are exposed to possess considerable thermodynamic stabilities within a related temperature interval, suggesting that carbide clusterfullerenes rather than dimetallofullerenes could be isolated experimentally. Although one isomer, Gd2C2@D3(126408)-C92, has been indeed obtained experimentally, a novel structure, Gd2C2@C1(126390)-C92, behaving as the most abundant isomer at more elevated temperatures with the largest SOMO-LUMO gap, is predicted for the first time to be another proper isomer isolated in the experiment. Moreover, in order to further analyze the interaction between gadolinium atoms and carbon atoms in either a carbide cluster or a fullerene cage, frontier molecular orbital, natural bond orbital, and Mayer bond order analyses have been employed, and the results show that the covalent interaction cannot be neglected. The IR spectra of Gd2C2@C92 have been simulated to provide some valuable guidance for future experiments.

Single Step Stone-Wales Transformation Linking Two Thermodynamically Stable Sc2O@C78 Isomers.

Among the very recently reported dimetallic oxide fullerenes Sc2O@C2n (n = 35-47), a representative Sc2O@C78 still lacks of further characterizations. Herein, a systematical investigation on Sc2O@C78 has been performed by density functional theory combined with statistical thermodynamic studies. Two isolated pentagon rule (IPR) satisfying isomers, Sc2O@D3h(24109)-C78 and Sc2O@C2v(24107)-C78, are disclosed to possess prominent thermodynamic stabilities at the temperature region of fullerene formation. Significantly, these two structures are related by a single Stone-Wales transformation. Moreover, bonding critical points, bond orders, and delocalization indices have been analyzed to uncover covalent interactions in both isomers. In addition, (13)C NMR spectra and UV-vis-NIR adsorptions of the two stable structures are introduced to assist experimental identification and characterization in the future.

Theoretical prediction of the host-guest interactions between novel photoresponsive nanorings and C60: a strategy for facile encapsulation and release of fullerene.

A series of photoresponsive‐group‐containing nanorings hosts with 12∼14 Å in diameter is designed by introducing different number of azo groups as the structural composition units. And the host–guest interactions between fullerene C60 and those nanoring hosts were investigated theoretically at M06‐2X/6‐31G(d)//M06‐L/MIDI! and wB97X‐D/6‐31G(d) levels. Analysis on geometrical characteristics and host–guest binding energies revealed that the designed nanoring molecule (labeled as 7) which is composed by seven azo groups and seven phenyls is the most feasible host for encapsulation of C60 guest among all candidates. Moreover, inferring from the simulated UV‐vis‐NIR spectroscopy, the C60 guest could be facilely released from the cavity of the host 7 via configuration transformation between trans‐form and cis‐form of the host under the 563 nm photoirradiation. Additionally, the frontier orbital features, weak interaction regions, infrared, and NMR spectra of the C60@7 host–guest complex have also been investigated theoretically.

Theoretical Insight into the Ambiguous Endohedral Metallofullerene Er3C74: Covalent Interactions among Three Lanthanide Atoms

All of C74-based endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are found to be monometallofullerenes with the same D3h(14246)-C74 cage so far. An opening question is whether other C74 cages could survive during the production of some novel C74-EMFs. Theoretically, we studied the trimetallic endohedral fullerene Er3C74, the existence of which had been proven without any further characterizations. Two thermodynamically stable Er3C74 isomers were obtained, both of which could be expressed as Er3@C74, meaning that previously synthesized Er3C74 is indeed an endohedral trierbium fullerene. Besides the isomer with well-known D3h(14246)-C74 cage which obeys isolated pentagon rule (IPR), another one possesses the C1(13771)-C74 cage with two adjacent pentagons. Notably, it is the first time an endohedral metallofullerene containing the C1(13771)-C74 cage has been reported. Frontier orbitals analysis, bonding analysis in terms of quantum theory of atoms-in-molecule (QTAIM) and Mayer bond order, together with two-dimensional maps of electron localization function (ELF) and Laplacian of electron density of Er3@D3h(14246)-C74 and Er3@C1(13771)-C74 show obvious covalent interactions not only between metallic atoms and carbon cage but also among three erbium atoms. Finally, simulated IR spectra of Er3@D3h(14246)-C74 and Er3@C1(13771)-C74 were simulated, which should be useful to distinguish those two isomers.