Yixin Zhou

Chinese Patients' Satisfaction With Total Hip Arthroplasty: What Is Important and Dissatisfactory?

Through validated self-administered questionnaires, we conducted a retrospective investigation in 818 patients (1009 hips) who underwent primary THA, to collect data on overall satisfaction plus satisfaction and importance rating for 16 specific functions and issues. Overall, 8.1% patients were dissatisfied with the surgery. The top 3 important items are pain relief, squatting, and walking. The top 3 dissatisfactory items are jogging, squatting, and rising after squatting. The strongest risk factors for dissatisfaction with walking were pain (6.1×), muscle weakness(3.7×), and LLD (3.3×). The strongest risk factors for dissatisfaction with squatting were low postoperative HHS ROM (3.7×) and muscle weakness (2.6×). For Chinese patients, ROM, muscle strength and LLD are very important.

Monocular Vision- and IMU-Based System for Prosthesis Pose Estimation During Total Hip Replacement Surgery

The average age of population increases worldwide, so does the number of total hip replacement surgeries. Total hip replacement, however, often involves a risk of dislocation and prosthetic impingement. To minimize the risk after surgery, we propose an instrumented hip prosthesis that estimates the relative pose between prostheses intraoperatively and ensures the placement of prostheses within a safe zone. We create a model of the hip prosthesis as a ball and socket joint, which has four degrees of freedom (DOFs), including 3-DOF rotation and 1-DOF translation. We mount a camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) inside the hollow ball, or “femoral head prosthesis,” while printing customized patterns on the internal surface of the socket, or “acetabular cup.” Since the sensors were rigidly fixed to the femoral head prosthesis, measuring its motions poses a sensor ego-motion estimation problem. By matching feature points in images of the reference patterns, we propose a monocular vision based method with a relative error of less than 7% in the 3-DOF rotation and 8% in the 1-DOF translation. Further, to reduce system power consumption, we apply the IMU with its data fused by an extended Kalman filter to replace the camera in the 3-DOF rotation estimation, which yields a less than 4.8% relative error and a 21.6% decrease in power consumption. Experimental results show that the best approach to prosthesis pose estimation is a combination of monocular vision-based translation estimation and IMU-based rotation estimation, and we have verified the feasibility and validity of this system in prosthesis pose estimation.

Pose measurement of Anterior Pelvic Plane based on inertial measurement unit in total hip replacement surgeries

In Total Hip Replacement (THR), inaccurate measurement of Anterior Pelvic Plane (APP), which is usually used as a reference plane, will lead to malposition of the acetabular prosthesis. As a result, the risk of impingement, dislocation and wear will increase and the safe range of motion will be limited. In order to acquire the accurate pose of APP, a measurement system is designed in this paper, which includes two parts: one is used to estimate the initial pose of APP and the other is used to trail dynamic motion of APP. Both parts are composed of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and magnetometer sensors. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is adopted to fuse the data from IMU and the magnetometer sensors to estimate the orientation of the pelvis. The test results show that the error angle between calculated axis and true axis of the pelvis in geodetic coordinate frame is less than 1.2 degree, which meets the requirement of the surgery.In Total Hip Replacement (THR), inaccurate measurement of Anterior Pelvic Plane (APP), which is usually used as a reference plane, will lead to malposition of the acetabular prosthesis. As a result, the risk of impingement, dislocation and wear will increase and the safe range of motion will be limited. In order to acquire the accurate pose of APP, a measurement system is designed in this paper, which includes two parts: one is used to estimate the initial pose of APP and the other is used to trail dynamic motion of APP. Both parts are composed of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and magnetometer sensors. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is adopted to fuse the data from IMU and the magnetometer sensors to estimate the orientation of the pelvis. The test results show that the error angle between calculated axis and true axis of the pelvis in geodetic coordinate frame is less than 1.2 degree, which meets the requirement of the surgery.

Location of the Common Peroneal Nerve in Valgus Knees—Is the Reported Safe Zone for Well-Aligned Knees Applicable?

BACKGROUND Lateral soft-tissue release can jeopardize the common peroneal nerve (CPN) in total knee arthroplasty for valgus knees. Previous studies reporting safe zones to protect the CPN were based on well-aligned knees. We conducted this study to compare the localization of the CPN in well-aligned knees and in valgus knees. METHODS We conducted a consecutive 3-dimensional radiographic study on magnetic resonance images of 58 well-aligned knees and 39 valgus knees. We measured the distance between the CPN and the tibia, as well as the mediolateral, anteroposterior, and angular location of the CPN. We compared the results between well-aligned knees and valgus knees. RESULTS We found that there is an increased distance between the CPN and the tibia at the level of the tibial cut, but not at the joint line in valgus knees. It is safer to release the posterolateral capsule at the tibial side than at the level above this. The angular location and the mediolateral or anteroposterior location of the CPN in valgus knees are similar to those of well-aligned knees. CONCLUSION The location of the CPN in valgus knees is similar to that in well-aligned knees. The previously reported safe zone in well-aligned knees is applicable in valgus knees to protect the CPN.

Accuracy of Digital Tomosynthesis With Metal Artifact Reduction for Detecting Osteointegration in Cementless Hip Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Cementless hip arthroplasty is increasingly gaining popularity worldwide. Radiologic identification of osteointegration is key to confirming biologic fixation. We conducted the study reported here to determine the sensitivity and specificity of digital tomosynthesis with metal artifact reduction (TMAR), radiography, and conventional computed tomography in detecting osteointegration in cementless hip arthroplasty. METHODS We prospectively included data for 24 patients who underwent revision hip arthroplasty in our hospital, with 13 femoral and 14 acetabular cementless components retrieved that contained solid evidence of biologic fixation. All patients underwent 3 examinations before surgery, and evidence of osteointegration on retrieved prostheses was used as the reference standard. Seven orthopedic surgeons evaluated these images independently using uniform criteria. RESULTS On the femoral side, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting osteointegration were 73.8% ± 4.6% and 94.3% ± 1.5%, respectively, for TMAR; 50.4% ± 5.3% and 87.8% ± 2.1%, respectively, for radiography; and 36.4% ± 5.1% and 90.9% ± 1.9%, respectively, for CT. On the cup side, the corresponding values were 60.2% ± 8.3% and 86.4% ± 5.7%, respectively, for TMAR; 45.9% ± 8.5% and 66.4% ± 7.8%, respectively, for radiography; and 45.1% ± 8.5% and 73.5% ± 7.3%, respectively, by computed tomography. CONCLUSION TMAR significantly improved the accuracy osteointegration detection in cementless hip arthroplasty (P < .017).

Tests for predicting reimplantation success of two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Several tests are used before reimplantation to detect persistent infection in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) undergoing two-stage revision. However, there is no consensus as to the optimal tests for excluding persistent infection or predicting successful reimplantation by stage. We aimed to determine the accuracy of different tests used to detect persistent infection after the first stage, and/or predicting failure following reimplantation in patients with PJI. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers independently conducted quality assessments and data extractions to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUSROC) for each test. RESULTS We included 24 studies published between May 1999 and September 2017. Synovial fluid polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)% had the highest sensitivity of 0.70, followed by serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (0.57) and spacer sonication fluid culture (0.53). Synovial fluid culture had the highest specificity of 0.97, followed by frozen section (0.93) and the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria (0.92). Spacer sonication fluid culture was the most accurate test with an AUSROC of 0.8089, followed by synovial fluid culture (0.7749) and frozen section (0.7819). DISCUSSION Spacer sonication fluid culture had a relatively high diagnostic accuracy. We emphasize that no test can be used alone to exclude persistent infection beyond the first stage and/or predict failed reimplantation beyond the second stage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II, systematic review and meta-analysis of level 2 to level 4 studies with inconsistent results.

IMU-based Real-time Pose Measurement system for Anterior Pelvic Plane in Total Hip Replacement Surgeries

With the aging of population, the number of Total Hip Replacement Surgeries (THR) increased year by year. In THR, inaccurate position of the implanted prosthesis may lead to the failure of the operation. In order to reduce the failure rate and acquire the real-time pose of Anterior Pelvic Plane (APP), we propose a measurement system in this paper. The measurement system includes two parts: Initial Pose Measurement Instrument (IPMI) and Real-time Pose Measurement Instrument (RPMI). IPMI is used to acquire the initial pose of the APP, and RPMI is used to estimate the real-time pose of the APP. Both are composed of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and magnetometer sensors. To estimate the attitude of the measurement system, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is adopted in this paper. The real-time pose of the APP could be acquired together with the algorithm designed in the paper. The experiment results show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is within 1.6 degrees, which meets the requirement of THR operations.With the aging of population, the number of Total Hip Replacement Surgeries (THR) increased year by year. In THR, inaccurate position of the implanted prosthesis may lead to the failure of the operation. In order to reduce the failure rate and acquire the real-time pose of Anterior Pelvic Plane (APP), we propose a measurement system in this paper. The measurement system includes two parts: Initial Pose Measurement Instrument (IPMI) and Real-time Pose Measurement Instrument (RPMI). IPMI is used to acquire the initial pose of the APP, and RPMI is used to estimate the real-time pose of the APP. Both are composed of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and magnetometer sensors. To estimate the attitude of the measurement system, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is adopted in this paper. The real-time pose of the APP could be acquired together with the algorithm designed in the paper. The experiment results show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is within 1.6 degrees, which meets the requirement of THR operations.

Screw-hole clusters in acetabular cups: a morphological study of optimal positioning of screw-holes

Background Rigid and safe transacetabular screw fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is achieved by pursuing deeper bone stock and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular structures, but these efforts can be restricted by the distribution of screw-holes on cups by the manufacturer. We therefore tried to determine: (i) optimal screw-hole positions on cups to allow anatomical placement of screws; (ii) rationality of the basic 3-screw-hole cluster on commercial cups; and (iii) the optimum method for placing commercial cups in accordance with acetabular anatomy. Methods Periacetabular osseous structure of 64 hips and arterial structures of 50 hips were three-dimensionally reconstructed. Simulated transacetabular screw fixation during THA was performed in these hips with 3 different screw lengths (15, 25, and 35 mm) to define deeper and safer screw trajectories. Screw-hole locations of 7 commercially available cups were measured and matched with the periacetabular anatomy. Results When the cup was placed into the acetabulum at 45° of abduction and 20° of anteversion, the optimal locations of 2 screw-holes on the cups were at 30° and 64° of latitude, with a 35° separation angle. The inversetriangle distribution pattern was safer than the triangle pattern in basic 3-screw-hole-cluster cups. When placing the commercial cups, 5°-10° of anterior rotation can be added to allow better screw trajectories. Conclusions Our study determined optimal screw-hole positions and their distribution pattern on cups. We describe methods to place the commercial cups that are not designed according to acetabular anatomy.

Distinctions of introarticular force distribution between genesis-II posterior stabilized and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty: An intraoperative comparative study of 45 patients

Background: Although both the posterior stabilized and cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty have been proven to effectively relieve pain and restore basic functions, the joint gap width during flexion was reported to be different due to the presence or absence of posterior cruciate ligament, which may lead to different intra‐articular force distribution. In this study, we investigated the distinctions in intra‐articular force distribution between the two types of TKA designs in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Forty five patients (50 knees) with varus knee osteoarthritis were prospectively included, with each 25 knees receiving cruciate retaining and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty, respectively. With an intra‐articular force measurement system, the intra‐articular force distribution with knee flexion at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 120° were recorded in all patients. Findings: The total force was similar for posterior stabilized and cruciate retaining knees at all flexion degrees. However, force in the medial compartment accounted for 59.8% –84.0% of total force in posterior stabilized knees, while 27.4% –65.7% in cruciate retaining knees. In cruciate retaining knees, no significant difference was found between forces in the two compartments at 30° flexion (P = 0.444), but force was significantly concentrated in the lateral side during 45° –120° flexion (P = 0.000– 0.028). Interpretation: Although the entire intra‐articular forces were similar between CR and PS knees at different flexion angles, medial part had higher force than lateral part when PS knee was used. The posterior cruciate ligament do a role in soft balance, and make the force more evenly distributed. Highlights:Total force was similar in the two common types of total knee arthroplasty.Force distribution differed in the two types of total knee arthroplasty.Force in posterior stabilized knees was concentrated in the medial compartment.Force in cruciate retaining knees was well balanced at mid‐flexion.Force in cruciate retaining knees shifted to the lateral side at end flexion.

A New Physical Examination Technique for Evaluating Valgus Knee Deformity: Swing Test.

Valgus deformity can exist during knee flexion besides extension, which could lead to patellofemoral joint instability and soft tissue imbalance in the flexion gap, and thus complicate the surgical procedures. Valgus deformity during knee flexion can be measured by radiographic analysis using long‐film radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scans.[4] It usually results from a bone defect in the posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle (measured on CT scan) or valgus deformity in the tibia (measured on long‐film radiograph). However, it is difficult to inspect this deformity during the physical examination.