Yoav Peled

Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State.

The citizenship status of its Arab citizens is the key to Israels ability to function as an ethnic democracy , that is, a political system combining democratic institutions with the dominance of one ethnic group. The confluence of republicanism and ethnonationalism with liberalism, as principles of legitimation, has resulted in two types of citizenship: republican for Jews and liberal for Arabs. Thus, Arab citizens enjoy civil and political rights but are barred from attending to the common good. The Arab citizenship status, while much more restricted than the Jewish, has both induced and enabled Arabs to conduct their political struggles within the framework of the law, in sharp contrast to the noncitizen Arabs of the occupied territories. It may thus serve as a model for other dominant ethnic groups seeking to maintain both their dominance and a democratic system of government.

Towards a redefinition of Jewish nationalism in Israel? The enigma of Shas

The electoral success of Shas, a mizrahi, religious political party in Israel is analysed with the help of the cultural division of labour model. Mizrahim (Jews originating in Muslim countries) are a semi-peripheral ethnic group in Israel, located between the dominant ashkenazim (Jews of European origin) and the Palestinians. While most mizrahim have been voting Likud for the past twenty-five years, increasingly the poorer among them have been shifting their vote to Shas. The key to Shass success, where other efforts to organize mizrahi political parties have failed, is its integrative, rather than separatist, ideology. Shas seeks to replace secular Zionism with religious Judaism as the hegemonic ideology in Israeli society, and presents this as the remedy for both the socio-economic and the cultural grievances of its constituency. This integrative message, emphasizing the commonalities between mizrahim and ashkenazim, rather than their differences, is attractive to mizrahim because of their semi-periphe...

The new Israel : peacemaking and liberalization

* Introduction: The Socioeconomic Liberalization of Israel Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled Part One: A State-Centered Economy * Challenges to Separatism: Joint Action by Jewish and Arab Workers in Jewish-Owned Industry in Mandatory Palestine Deborah S. Bernstein * The Ideological Wellspring of Zionist Capitalism: The Impact of Private Capital and Industry on the Shaping of the Dominant Zionist Ideology Michal Frenkel, Yehouda Shenhav and Hanna Herzog * From Eretz Yisrael Haovedet to Yisrael Hashnia: The Social Discourse and Social Policy of Mapai in the 1950s Dov Khenin Part Two: Liberalization * Economic Liberalization and the Breakup of the Histadruts Institutional Network Lev Luis Grinberg and Gershon Shafir * Liberalization and the Transformation of the Political Economy Michael Shalev * Change and Continuity in the Israeli Political Economy: Multi-Level Analysis of the Telecommunications and Energy Sectors David Levi-Faur * The Great Economic-Juridical Shift: The Legal Arena and the Transformation of Israels Economic Order Ran Hirschl * The Promised Land of Business Opportunities: Liberal Post-Zionism in the Global Age Uri Ram Part Three: The Peace Process * Peace and Profits: The Globalization of Israeli Business and the Peace Process Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled * Regional Cooperation and the MENA Economic Summits Jonathan Paris

The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel, 1948–93

The Declaration of Prsinciples signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in September 1993 marked a dramatic about-face in Israels traditional policy toward the PLO and the Palestinian issue in general. This turn of events came as a surprise not only to journalists and commentators following day-to-day political events, but also to scholars engaged in the academic study of Israeli society. The prevailing notion among these scholars had been that the Israeli polity was suffering from what Horowitz and Lissak (1989) called “overburden” due to domestic debates over the disposition of the occupied territories. Thus, it was concluded, Israel was unable to launch bold policy initiatives to try to solve its deadlocked conflict with the Arabs.

Perinatal complications following gestational diabetes mellitus how 'sweet' is ill?

Objective. We tested the effect of patient compliance, fasting plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance test, maternal body constitution, and the method of treatment (diet versus insulin) on the perinatal outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Abdominal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization in a patient with previous bilateral salpingectomy

Background We present the first case of abdominal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in a patient without oviducts. Case A 38-year-old woman, who previously had had two salpingectomies because of two tubal pregnancies, was admitted to our department with intermittent vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, 21 days after embryo transfer. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a moderate amount of blood in the peritoneal cavity and a mass consisting of blood clots and tissue fragments attached to the posterior aspect of the right broad ligament. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. Conclusion Abdominal pregnancy may be the outcome of embryo transfer and should hence be considered a potential complication of the procedure.

Clinical Evaluation of a New Model of a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Device for the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been proven effective in pain relief of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). We evaluated the efficacy of a new TENS device (Freelady, Life Care, Tiberias, Israel), designed to correct disadvantages of older models used in previous studies, in 102 nulliparous women with PD, who were treated with various types of pain relief medications. Marked pain relief was reported by 58 patients (56.9%) and moderate relief by 31 (30.4%). These subjective findings were supported by the fact that the same number of patients (58 and 31) either stopped analgesic use altogether during the trial or reduced the quantity of analgesics, respectively. The device examined proved to be efficient and safe in controlling the pain and disability caused by PD.

Ethnic exclusionism in the periphery: The case of Oriental Jews in Israel's development towns

Abstract Students of Israeli politics have stressed cultural factors in explaining the success of right‐wing parties among Oriental Jewish voters. My argument is that closer attention must be paid to labour market relations in trying to explain both the anti‐Arab sentiments of Oriental Jews and their proclivity for right‐wing politics. Oriental Jews compete with both citizen and non‐citizen Palestinians for jobs at the lowest end of the occupational ladder. This competition, I argue, can explain a great deal of their political attitudes. The data to support the argument are derived from an attitude survey conducted in 1988 in eight ‘development towns’ ‐ small working‐class communities populated mainly with Orientals and characterized by high unemployment rates and pervasive social and economic ills. These towns, and the sociologically similar slum neighbourhoods of major cities, provided Rabbi Meir Kahane, Israels most vociferously racist politician, with the bulk of his electoral support when he was ele...

The evolution of Israeli citizenship: an overview

Israels citizenship discourse has consisted of three different layers, superimposed on one another: An ethno-nationalist discourse of inclusion and exclusion, a republican discourse of community goals and civic virtue, and a liberal discourse of civil, political, and social rights. The liberal discourse has served as the public face of Israeli citizenship and functioned to separate Israels Jewish and Palestinians citizens from the non-citizen Palestinians in the occupied territories. The ethno-nationalist discourse has been invoked to discriminate between Jewish and Palestinian citizens within the sovereign State of Israel. Last, the republican discourse has been used to legitimate the different positions occupied by the major Jewish social groups: ashkenazim vs. mizrachim, males vs. females, secular vs. religiously orthodox. Until the mid-1980s the republican discourse, based on a corporatist economy centered on the umbrella labor organization – the Histadrut – mediated between the contradictory dictates of the liberal and the ethno-nationalist discourses. Since then, the liberalization of the Israeli economy has weakened the republican discourse, causing the liberal and ethno-nationalist ones to confront each other directly. Since the failure of the Oslo peace process in 2000, these two discourses have each gained the upper hand in one policy area – the liberal one in economic policy and the ethno-national one in policy towards the Palestinians and the Arabs in general. This division of labor is the reason why on the eve of its 60th anniversary as a state Israel is experiencing its worst crisis of governability ever. While Israels economy is booming and the countrys international standing remains high, due to the global ‘war on terror,’ public trust in state institutions and leaders is at an all-time low, so that the government cannot tend to the countrys pressing business.

Successful external version of B-twin after the birth of A-twin for vertex-non-vertex twins

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal intrapartum management of twins, especially those in vertex--non-vertex presentation. STUDY DESIGN The study population consisted of 408 sets of twins delivered between 1988 and 1992, weighing at birth over 1500 g. According to our protocol, vaginal delivery was attempted in the vertex-vertex presentations. If non-vertex presentation was first, we performed cesarean section. In vertex--non-vertex cases, the first was delivered vaginally and external cephalic version or breech delivery was performed on the second. Apgar scores were compared according to presentation and delivery mode. RESULTS Vaginal delivery was accomplished in 122 (73%) of 169 vertex--vertex presentations, 96 (68%) of 142 vertex--non-vertex presentations, and 4 (5%) of 99 non-vertex--other presentations. External cephalic version (ECV) of the second twin and subsequent vaginal delivery in vertex--non-vertex was successful in 75% of cases, and internal podalic version and assisted breech delivery were performed in 20 cases, and the remaining two were delivered by cesarean section. Apgar scores were not significantly different among the various groups, and no complications arose from external cephalic version performed on second non-vertex twins. CONCLUSIONS External cephalic version was found safe for delivering second non-vertex twins in cases where the first twin is in vertex presentation. In our opinion routine cesarean section is thus no longer justified in such cases.