Yogita Kalra

Design of optical waveguide polarizer using photonic band gap

A new design of optical waveguide polarizer based on photonic band gap has been presented. A numerical approach based on the finite difference time domain method has been used to analyze and design photonic band gap polarizer. The performance of the device is investigated in terms of degree of polarization and transmittance. Polarizer action is achieved by engineering the defect modes in photonic band gap structures.

Design of a photonic band gap polarizer

We explore the application of photonic band gaps PBGs in photonic crystal structures to propose the design of an ultracompact PBG polarizer. The existence of complete PBGs in certain photonic crystal structures and the variation introduced in the PBGs by the creation of defects has been utilized to design a PBG polarizer at 1.55 m with a degree of polarization equal to 1 leading to the formation of a super polarizer.

Modeling and design of all-dielectric cylindrical nanoantennas

Abstract. We theoretically demonstrate ultradirectional, azimuthally symmetric forward scattering by dielectric cylindrical nanoantennas for futuristic nanophotonic applications in visible and near-infrared regions. Electric and magnetic dipoles have been optically induced in the nanocylinders at the resonant wavelengths. The cylindrical dielectric nanoparticles exhibit complete suppression of backward scattering and improved forward scattering at first generalized Kerker’s condition. The influence of gap between nanocylinder elements on the scattering pattern of the homodimers has been demonstrated. Further, for highly directive applications, a linear chain of ultradirectional cylindrical nanoantenna array has been proposed.

Tunable unidirectional scattering of ellipsoidal single nanoparticle

We report unidirectional scattering by tri-axial single ellipsoidal dielectric nanoparticle, which is applicable in the design and development of tunable, low-loss and ultra-compact nanoantennas. Based on the orientation and rotation of the ellipsoidal nanoparticle, three types of modes, one longitudinal mode and two transverse modes, have been excited. Electric and magnetic dipoles have been optically induced in the nanoparticle. Generalized Kerkers conditions have been applied at the interference of optically induced electric and magnetic dipoles. Azimuthally symmetric forward scattering with complete suppression of backward scattering using first Generalized Kerkers condition has been achieved at three different wavelengths for the allowed longitudinal mode and transverse modes in the optical region using single ellipsoidal nanoparticle. Due to 3-fold symmetry, forward scattering can be tuned at different wavelengths, using single ellipsoidal nanoparticle just by changing the direction of the incident electric field.

Complete photonic bandgap-based polarization splitter on silicon-on-insulator platform

Abstract. We propose a design for a polarization beam splitter based on the phenomenon of a photonic crystal directional coupler. The design consists of a honeycomb lattice arrangement of air holes of different radii in a silicon-on-insulator substrate exhibiting a complete photonic bandgap. The results obtained by the finite-difference time domain method show that the extinction ratio for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations is 24.56 and 28.29 dB, respectively, at a wavelength of 1.55  μm. The degree of polarization for TE polarization is 99.29% and for TM polarization is 99.70%. Hence, the proposed design can be efficiently used as a polarization splitter for on-chip integrated devices.

Design and operation of photonic crystal based AND optical logic gate

We propose the design for AND optical logic gate. The design has been simulated using FDTD method and has a contrast ratio of 6.130dB. The design has a bit rate of 0.664Tbit/s.

Slow light effect in pinch waveguide in photonic crystal

In this paper, we have proposed a design for slow light effect in pinch photonic crystal waveguide. The design consists of two dimensional triangular arrangements of air holes in silicon on insulator substrate. From the calculations it has been found out that for the proposed structure the group index is high and group velocity dispersion is low. The confinement of light in the pinch waveguide with slow light effect can be a strong candidate for sensor applications.

Slow light enabled time and wavelength division demultiplexer in slotted photonic crystal waveguide

Abstract. We have proposed a design for slow light with ultraflat dispersion in a slotted photonic crystal waveguide consisting of a hexagonal arrangement of elliptical air holes on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The proposed structure has low group velocity and low group velocity dispersion with a wide normalized bandwidth range of 0.0089. The proposed structure can be used as an optical buffer for the storage of a large amount of data due to the large value of the normalized delay bandwidth product equal to 0.634. An optimized structure for a slotted photonic crystal has been analyzed for its applications as both a time and wavelength division demultiplexer. Furthermore, the time delay between two adjacent wavelengths (1550 and 1555 nm) is more than that reported earlier.

Design of photonic crystal architecture for optical logic AND gates

Photonic crystals (PhCs) have emerged as one of the most significant topics in the field of optical communication since their first introduction by Yablonvitch 1 and John 2. Recently, interest has been grown in the design and development of optical logic gates based on different schemes 3-10. In this paper, we report the design of optical logic AND gate based on two structures, one of which is a hexagonal lattice with silicon (Si) rods in air (SRA) and another is the hexagonal lattice arrangement of air holes in silicon (AHS) with air waveguides. Both the gate structures are based on Y shaped PhC waveguides and analyzed by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The simulation results show that the proposed structures operates as an AND gates and has a bit rate of 2.016Tbit/s for SRA and 1.785Tbit/s for AHS structure. By appropriately choosing the size and the interaction length of the central rod in SRA and size of central hole in AHS, the optimal performance of the proposed AND logic gates has been achieved.

Design and analysis of a hollow bowtie nanoantenna

In this paper, a pair of hollow bow-tie nanoantenna with a feed gap has been designed using gold in the visible frequency range. This nanoantenna exhibits a strong field enhancement in the feed gap region at the resonance wavelength due to the localized surface plasmon. The absorption cross-section of this nanoantenna has been compared with the solid bowtie nanoantenna and it has been observed that the absorption cross section in hollow bowtie nanoantenna is less as compared to solid bowtie nanoantenna. This is because of the less volume availability for light absorption in the hollow bowtie nanoantenna. So, the main reason of using a hollow bowtie over a solid bowtie is the reduced absorption cross-section. Further, properties of hollow bowtie nanoantenna have been enhanced by geometric optimization using COMSOL Multiphysics software.