Yolanda Guevara Benítez

Sondeo de habilidades preacademicas en niños y niñas mexicanos de estrato socioeconomico bajo

The main objective of this brief report was to share our experience, which started 19 years ago, with the creation, establishment and development of two programs. In the first one, mediation is used as the intervention method for a diversity of conflicts. The main purpose of the second one is developing the public policy of the Judicial Branch pertaining to the use of mediation, arbitration and early neutral evaluation as alternative dispute resolution methods to the adjudication process that is typical of our court system. Both programs respond to a non-adversarial paradigm which is contrary to the adversarial paradigm that contextualizes supports the judicial setting that houses both programs. One of the outstanding outcomes of our experience has been the successful integration of these programs that, in spite of stemming from opposite paradigms, share a common goal: to serve as a forum for the conflict resolution.In this article. I explore the relationship between symbols and human behavior in organizations. I suggest that investigators can obtain a greater understanding of an organizations social dynamics if they analyze the symbolic contents of its culture. The symbols of a multinational companys subsidiary in Puerto Rico, are analyzed in order to illustrate the scope and potential of this analytic approach. This analysis explores the relationship between such symbolic phenomena as metaphors. anecdotes and rituals and the organizations social, and political processes. Through the analysis of the changes in its symbology, I illustrate how complex factors within an organizations internal and external environment determine the relevance of a particular organizational symbology.

EVALUACIÓN DE DISTINTOS NIVELES DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA EN ESTUDIANTES MEXICANOS DE PSICOLOGÍA

No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.

Comunicación con padres, comportamiento sexual e indicadores de abuso sexual en jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad visual

La investigacion tuvo dos objetivos: 1) describir el patron de conducta sexual, indicadores de abuso y nivel de comunicacion con padres y con madres, en una muestra de jovenes mexicanos con discapacidad visual, realizando comparaciones por sexo y debut sexual, y 2) analizar la relacion entre la comunicacion con padres, el uso del preservativo y la presencia de relaciones sexuales forzadas. Se utilizo un diseno transversaldescriptivo-correlacional-observacional. Participaron voluntariamente 64 jovenes entre 12 y 26 anos de edad. Se aplicaron individualmente cinco instrumentos: 1) Perfil sociodemografico, 2) Datos familiares y antecedentes de la discapacidad, 3) Patron de conducta sexual, 4) Escala de comunicacion sexual con padres y 5) Escala de comunicacion sexual con madres. 70% de los participantes habian tenido relaciones sexuales, 50% tuvo su primera relacion antes de los 18 anos, 70% no utilizo algun metodo anticonceptivo. El 41.5% reporto haber tenido tres o mas parejas sexuales, 28% un embarazo, 14.6% un aborto, 4.9% una infeccion de transmision sexual, 22% indico haber sufrido abuso sexual en su primera relacion y el 14% en subsecuentes. La mayoria contesto que nunca o casi nunca han conversado con sus padres sobre los temas evaluados, y con sus madres lo han hecho con poca frecuencia. Se discute la necesidad de desarrollar mas investigaciones y programas preventivos para disminuir situaciones de riesgo en jovenes con discapacidad.

ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF READING COMPREHENSION IN MEXICAN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.

Aportaciones del modelo interconductual al estudio de la lectura

The main objective of this brief report was to share our experience, which started 19 years ago, with the creation, establishment and development of two programs. In the first one, mediation is used as the intervention method for a diversity of conflicts. The main purpose of the second one is developing the public policy of the Judicial Branch pertaining to the use of mediation, arbitration and early neutral evaluation as alternative dispute resolution methods to the adjudication process that is typical of our court system. Both programs respond to a non-adversarial paradigm which is contrary to the adversarial paradigm that contextualizes supports the judicial setting that houses both programs. One of the outstanding outcomes of our experience has been the successful integration of these programs that, in spite of stemming from opposite paradigms, share a common goal: to serve as a forum for the conflict resolution.In this article. I explore the relationship between symbols and human behavior in organizations. I suggest that investigators can obtain a greater understanding of an organizations social dynamics if they analyze the symbolic contents of its culture. The symbols of a multinational companys subsidiary in Puerto Rico, are analyzed in order to illustrate the scope and potential of this analytic approach. This analysis explores the relationship between such symbolic phenomena as metaphors. anecdotes and rituals and the organizations social, and political processes. Through the analysis of the changes in its symbology, I illustrate how complex factors within an organizations internal and external environment determine the relevance of a particular organizational symbology.

Relación entre asertividad, rendimiento académico y ansiedad en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria

Social skills in their most advanced form are aimed at solving any immediate problems of a situation while minimizing the likelihood of future problems. This is also known as assertiveness , a variable that can be related to academic performance and the level of anxiety in adolescents. This research is descriptive and correlational with the aim of knowing the relationship between level of assertiveness, academic performance and various components of anxiety in a sample of Mexican high school or secondary students, as well as exploring possible differences related to sex. This study uses two instruments: Children’s Assertive Behavior Scale (CABS) and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale TM . The grade point average (GPA) was taken as an indicator of academic performance. The participants were 535 adolescents (54.6 % female, 45.4 % male), with a mean age of 13.01 years ( std = .74, range 11 to 17 years). Cluster sampling and convenience sampling were used, encompassing all students in the first two grades of a public or state school in the state of Hidalgo. The results indicate sex differences in all study variables. We also found statistically significant correlations between assertiveness and anxiety ( r = .182, p <.01), between academic performance and assertiveness ( r = -.203, p <.01), and between academic performance and the social concerns component of the anxiety scale ( r = -.124, p <.01), although these were low in magnitude.

AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE COMPREENSÃO LEITORA EM ESTUDANTES MEXICANOS DE PSICOLOGIA

No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.No system for evaluating reading competences of Mexican university students is currently available. This research assessed five levels of skills in reading comprehension, using a validated instrument. Participants were 570 Psychology students, attending different semesters, with a mean age of 19.9 years. The instrument was administered in groups. The test yielded an overall average of 66% correct responses. The three levels of comprehension that showed percentages lower than 50% were: literal, inferential and critical, while the information organization level and the appreciative level exhibited percentages above 70%. The ANOVA indicated differences (p <.05) in four levels of reading comprehension in favor of students in the first semester. Findings are discussed in light of previous research and their educational implication.